python获取linux系统信息的三种方法

方法一：psutil模块

#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import socket
import psutil
class NodeResource(object):
def get_host_info(self):
 host_name = socket.gethostname()
 return {'host_name':host_name}

def get_cpu_state(self):
 cpu_count = psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
 cpu_percent =(str)(psutil.cpu_percent(1))+'％'
 return {'cpu_count':cpu_count,'cpu_percent':cpu_percent}

def get_memory_state(self):
 mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
 mem_total = mem.total / 1024 / 1024
 mem_free = mem.available /1024/1024
 mem_percent = '％s％％'％mem.percent
 return {'mem_toal':mem_total,'mem_free':mem_free,'mem_percent':mem_percent}

def get_disk_state(self):
 disk_stat = psutil.disk_usage('/')
 disk_total = disk_stat.total
 disk_free = disk_stat.free
 disk_percent = '％s％％'％disk_stat.percent
 return {'mem_toal': disk_total, 'mem_free': disk_free, 'mem_percent': disk_percent}

方法二：proc

#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
import os
from multiprocessing import cpu_count

class NodeResource(object):

def usage_percent(self,use, total):
 # 返回百分占比
 try:
  ret = int(float(use)/ total * 100)
 except ZeroDivisionError:
  raise Exception("ERROR - zero division error")
 return '％s％％'％ret

@property
def cpu_stat(self,interval = 1):

cpu_num = cpu_count()
 with open("/proc/stat", "r") as f:
  line = f.readline()
  spl = line.split(" ")
  worktime_1 = sum([int(i) for i in spl[2:]])
  idletime_1 = int(spl[5])
 time.sleep(interval)
 with open("/proc/stat", "r") as f:
  line = f.readline()
  spl = line.split(" ")
  worktime_2 = sum([int(i) for i in spl[2:]])
  idletime_2 = int(spl[5])

dworktime = (worktime_2 - worktime_1)
 didletime = (idletime_2 - idletime_1)
 cpu_percent = self.usage_percent(dworktime - didletime,didletime)
 return {'cpu_count':cpu_num,'cpu_percent':cpu_percent}

@property
def disk_stat(self):
 hd = {}
 disk = os.statvfs("/")
 hd['available'] = disk.f_bsize * disk.f_bfree
 hd['capacity'] = disk.f_bsize * disk.f_blocks
 hd['used'] = hd['capacity'] - hd['available']
 hd['used_percent'] = self.usage_percent(hd['used'], hd['capacity'])
 return hd

@property
def memory_stat(self):
 mem = {}
 with open("/proc/meminfo") as f:
  for line in f:
   line = line.strip()
   if len(line) < 2: continue
   name = line.split(':')[0]
   var = line.split(':')[1].split()[0]
   mem[name] = long(var) * 1024.0
  mem['MemUsed'] = mem['MemTotal'] - mem['MemFree'] - mem['Buffers'] - mem['Cached']
 mem['used_percent'] = self.usage_percent(mem['MemUsed'],mem['MemTotal'])
 return {'MemUsed':mem['MemUsed'],'MemTotal':mem['MemTotal'],'used_percent':mem['used_percent']}

nr = NodeResource()

print nr.cpu_stat
print '=================='
print nr.disk_stat
print '=================='
print nr.memory_stat

方法三：subprocess

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import os,sys

''' 获取 ifconfig 命令的输出 '''
def getIfconfig():
p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
data = p.stdout.read()
return data

''' 获取 dmidecode 命令的输出 '''
def getDmi():
p = Popen(['dmidecode'], stdout = PIPE)
data = p.stdout.read()
return data

''' 根据空行分段落 返回段落列表'''
def parseData(data):
parsed_data = []
new_line = ''
data = [i for i in data.split('\n') if i]
for line in data:
 if line[0].strip():
  parsed_data.append(new_line)
  new_line = line + '\n'
 else:
  new_line += line + '\n'
parsed_data.append(new_line)
return [i for i in parsed_data if i]

''' 根据输入的段落数据分析出ifconfig的每个网卡ip信息 '''
def parseIfconfig(parsed_data):
dic = {}
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if not i.startswith('lo')]
for lines in parsed_data:
 line_list = lines.split('\n')
 devname = line_list[0].split()[0]
 macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1]
 ipaddr = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
 break
dic['ip'] = ipaddr
return dic

''' 根据输入的dmi段落数据 分析出指定参数 '''
def parseDmi(parsed_data):
dic = {}
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i.startswith('System Information')]
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data[0].split('\n')[1:] if i]
dmi_dic = dict([i.strip().split(':') for i in parsed_data])
dic['vender'] = dmi_dic['Manufacturer'].strip()
dic['product'] = dmi_dic['Product Name'].strip()
dic['sn'] = dmi_dic['Serial Number'].strip()
return dic

''' 获取Linux系统主机名称 '''
def getHostname():
with open('/etc/sysconfig/network') as fd:
 for line in fd:
  if line.startswith('HOSTNAME'):
   hostname = line.split('=')[1].strip()
   break
return {'hostname':hostname}

''' 获取Linux系统的版本信息 '''
def getOsVersion():
with open('/etc/issue') as fd:
 for line in fd:
  osver = line.strip()
  break
return {'osver':osver}

''' 获取CPU的型号和CPU的核心数 '''
def getCpu():
num = 0
with open('/proc/cpuinfo') as fd:
 for line in fd:
  if line.startswith('processor'):
   num += 1
  if line.startswith('model name'):
   cpu_model = line.split(':')[1].strip().split()
   cpu_model = cpu_model[0] + ' ' + cpu_model[2] + ' ' + cpu_model[-1]
return {'cpu_num':num, 'cpu_model':cpu_model}

''' 获取Linux系统的总物理内存 '''
def getMemory():
with open('/proc/meminfo') as fd:
 for line in fd:
  if line.startswith('MemTotal'):
   mem = int(line.split()[1].strip())
   break
mem = '％.f' ％ (mem / 1024.0) + ' MB'
return {'Memory':mem}

if __name__ == '__main__':
dic = {}
data_ip = getIfconfig()
parsed_data_ip = parseData(data_ip)
ip = parseIfconfig(parsed_data_ip)

data_dmi = getDmi()
parsed_data_dmi = parseData(data_dmi)
dmi = parseDmi(parsed_data_dmi)

hostname = getHostname()
osver = getOsVersion()
cpu = getCpu()
mem = getMemory()

dic.update(ip)
dic.update(dmi)
dic.update(hostname)
dic.update(osver)
dic.update(cpu)
dic.update(mem)

''' 将获取到的所有数据信息并按简单格式对齐显示 '''
for k,v in dic.items():
 print '％-10s:％s' ％ (k, v)

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import time

''' 获取 ifconfig 命令的输出 '''
# def getIfconfig():
#  p = Popen(['ipconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
#  data = p.stdout.read()
#  data = data.decode('cp936').encode('utf-8')
#  return data
#
# print(getIfconfig())

p = Popen(['top -n 2 -d |grep Cpu'],stdout= PIPE,shell=True)
data = p.stdout.read()
info = data.split('\n')[1]
info_list = info.split()
cpu_percent ='％s％％'％int(float(info_list[1])+float(info_list[3]))
print cpu_percent

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/djdjdj123/p/13810697.html