对python自动生成接口测试的示例讲解

在python中Template可以将字符串的格式固定下来，重复利用。 同一套测试框架为了可以复用，所以我们可以将用例部分做参数化，然后运用到各个项目中。

代码如下：

coding=utf-8
'''
作者：大石
功能：自动生成pyunit框架下的接口测试用例
环境：python2.7.6
用法：将用户给的参数处理成对应格式,然后调用模块类生成函数，并将参数传入即可
'''

from string import Template
#动态生成单个测试用例函数字符串
def singleMethodCreate(MethodList,interfaceNamePara):
 code=Template('''\n  def test_${testcase}(self):
   u"""${testcaseName}"""
   headers = $headers
   data = $data
   re = requests.$method(url='$url',headers=headers,data=data)
   status_code = re.status_code
   s = str(status_code)
   json = re.text
   logging.info('-'*5+'返回状态码是'+s+'-'*5)
   logging.info('-'*5+'返回结果集是'+json+'-'*5)
   assert status_code == 200
   assert json['status'] == 'ok'
''')

string = code.substitute(testcase=MethodList["testcase"],testcaseName=MethodList["TestcaseName"],
              method=MethodList['method'],url=MethodList['url'],headers=MethodList['headers'],data=MethodList['data'],
              )
 return string

#拼接单个的测试用例函数字符串为完整字符串并传回主函数
#MethodParaList获取测试用例部分list
def methodCreate(MethodParaList,interfaceNamePara):
 string = ""
 for MethodPara in MethodParaList:
   string2=singleMethodCreate(MethodPara,interfaceNamePara)
   string=string+string2
 return string

#构造单个测试集
def singleTestsuitCreate(MethodList,parameters):
 code = Template('''suite.addTest(${className}("test_${testcase}"))''')
 string = code.substitute(testcase = MethodList["testcase"],className = parameters[0])
 return string

#添加测试集
def addtestsuit(MethodParaList,interfaceNamePara):
 string = ""
 for MethodPara in MethodParaList:
   string2 = singleTestsuitCreate(MethodPara,interfaceNamePara)
   string=string+string2
 return string

#生成测试用例类函数字符串
def modelClassCreate(parameters):
 modelCode = methodCreate(parameters[2],parameters[1])
 adtestsuit = addtestsuit(parameters[2],parameters)
 code = Template('''#coding: utf-8
"""
作者：大石
功能：待执行的接口测试用例
环境：python2.7.6
用法：通过框架自动触发调用
"""
import unittest,requests,datetime,sys,logging,BSTestRunner,time,os
from Log import Log
class ${className}(unittest.TestCase):
 u"""待测试接口：${interfaceName}"""
 def setUp(self):
   logging.info('-'*5+"begin test"+"-"*5)
 def tearDown(self):
   logging.info('-'*5+"end test"+'-'*5)
 ${model}
if __name__ == "__main__":
 #解决UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe5 in position 97: ordinal not in range(128)
 reload(sys)
 sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
 #构造测试集
 suite = unittest.TestSuite()
 ${testsuite}
 #定义date为日期，time为时间
 date=time.strftime("％Y％m％d")
 time1=time.strftime("％H％M％S")
 now=time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d-％H_％M_％S",time.localtime(time.time()))
 #创建路径
 path='F:/test/study/yaml/test_log/'+now+"/"
 #解决多次执行时报路径已存在的错误
 try:
   os.makedirs(path)
 except:
   if path!= None:
     logging.error(u'当前路径已经存在')
 filename=path+'Report.html'
 fp=file(filename,'wb')
 #日志记录
 Log.log()
 #执行测试
 runner =BSTestRunner.BSTestRunner(stream=fp,title=u'下单平台接口测试用例',description=u'接口用例列表：')
 runner.run(suite)
 fp.close()
''')
 fileStr = code.substitute(className=parameters[0],interfaceName=parameters[1],testsuite=adtestsuit,model=modelCode)
 f=open(parameters[0]+".py",'w')
 f.write(fileStr)
 f.close()

然后测试用例部分如下：

parameters=["Testcase_Orders",
       "/login",
       [
         {"TestcaseName":"测试登录","method":"post","url":"http://www.senbaba.cn/login","headers":{'content-type': 'application/json',
         'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
         'Accept':'application/x-ms-application, image/jpeg, application/xaml+xml, image/gif, image/pjpeg, application/x-ms-xbap, */*',
         'Accept-Language':'zh-CN'},"data":{"uname":"187071484771","pwd":"123456"},
           "testcase":"login"},

{"TestcaseName":"测试登录","method":"post","url":"http://www.senbaba.cn/login1","headers":{'content-type': 'application/json',
         'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
         'Accept':'application/x-ms-application, image/jpeg, application/xaml+xml, image/gif, image/pjpeg, application/x-ms-xbap, */*',
         'Accept-Language':'zh-CN'},"data":{"uname":"187071484771","pwd":"123457"},
           "testcase":"login_failed"}
       ]
     ]

自动生成的测试用例如下：

#coding: utf-8
"""
作者：大石
功能：待执行的接口测试用例
环境：python2.7.6
用法：通过框架自动触发调用
"""
import unittest,requests,datetime,sys,logging,BSTestRunner,time,os
from Log import Log
class Testcase_Orders(unittest.TestCase):
 u"""待测试接口：/login"""
 def setUp(self):
   logging.info('-'*5+"begin test"+"-"*5)

def tearDown(self):
   logging.info('-'*5+"end test"+'-'*5)

def test_login(self):
   u"""测试登录"""
   headers = {'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'Accept': 'application/x-ms-application, image/jpeg, application/xaml+xml, image/gif, image/pjpeg, application/x-ms-xbap, */*', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'}
   data = {'uname': '187071484771', 'pwd': '123456'}
   re = requests.post(url='http://www.senbaba.cn/login',headers=headers,data=data)
   status_code = re.status_code
   s = str(status_code)
   json = re.text
   logging.info('-'*5+'返回状态码是'+s+'-'*5)
   logging.info('-'*5+'返回结果集是'+json+'-'*5)
   assert status_code == 200
   assert json['status'] == 'ok'

def test_login_failed(self):
   u"""测试登录"""
   headers = {'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'Accept': 'application/x-ms-application, image/jpeg, application/xaml+xml, image/gif, image/pjpeg, application/x-ms-xbap, */*', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'}
   data = {'uname': '187071484771', 'pwd': '123457'}
   re = requests.post(url='http://www.senbaba.cn/login1',headers=headers,data=data)
   status_code = re.status_code
   s = str(status_code)
   json = re.text
   logging.info('-'*5+'返回状态码是'+s+'-'*5)
   logging.info('-'*5+'返回结果集是'+json+'-'*5)
   assert status_code == 200
   assert json['status'] == 'ok'

if __name__ == "__main__":
 #解决UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe5 in position 97: ordinal not in range(128)
 reload(sys)
 sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
 #构造测试集
 suite = unittest.TestSuite()

suite.addTest(Testcase_Orders("test_login"))

suite.addTest(Testcase_Orders("test_login_failed"))

#定义date为日期，time为时间
 date=time.strftime("％Y％m％d")
 time1=time.strftime("％H％M％S")
 now=time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d-％H_％M_％S",time.localtime(time.time()))
 #创建路径
 path='F:/test/study/yaml/test_log/'+now+"/"
 #解决多次执行时报路径已存在的错误
 try:
   os.makedirs(path)
 except:
   if path!= None:
     logging.error(u'当前路径已经存在')
 filename=path+'Report.html'
 fp=file(filename,'wb')
 #日志记录
 Log.log()
 #执行测试
 runner =BSTestRunner.BSTestRunner(stream=fp,title=u'下单平台接口测试用例',description=u'接口用例列表：')
 runner.run(suite)
 fp.close()

20171019添加测试集的一个简单方法：

#添加测试集
def addtestsuit(parameters):
 string = ""
 temp = Template('''\n  suite.addTest(${className}("test_${testcase}"))
''')
 l = len(parameters[2])
 for i in range(0,l):
   testcase1 = parameters[2][i]['testcase']
   string2 = temp.substitute(className = parameters[0],testcase = testcase1)
   string=string+string2
   print string
 return string

来源：https://blog.csdn.net/smj811504083/article/details/78250002