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浅谈使用Java Web获取客户端真实IP的方法示例详解

作者:为你编程  发布时间:2022-04-01 19:47:47 

标签:Java,Web,客户端,真实IP

Java-Web获取客户端真实IP:

发生的场景:服务器端接收客户端请求的时候,一般需要进行签名验证,客户端IP限定等情况,在进行客户端IP限定的时候,需要首先获取该真实的IP。

一般分为两种情况:

方式一、客户端未经过代理,直接访问服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy);

方式二、客户端通过多级代理,最终到达服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy);

客户端请求信息都包含在HttpServletRequest中,可以通过方法getRemoteAddr()获得该客户端IP。

方式一形式,可以直接获得该客户端真实IP。

方式二中通过代理的形式,此时经过多级反向的代理,通过方法getRemoteAddr()得不到客户端真实IP,可以通过x-forwarded-for获得转发后请求信息。当客户端请求被转发,IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开,例如:10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230。

请求中的参数:

request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"):10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230

request.getHeader("X-Real-IP"):10.47.103.13

request.getRemoteAddr():10.96.112.230

客户端访问经过转发,IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开。最终准确的客户端信息为:

  • x-forwarded-for 不为空,则为逗号前第一个IP ;

  • X-Real-IP不为空,则为该IP;

  • 否则为getRemoteAddr() ;

相关请求头的解释:

  • X-Forwarded-For :这是一个 Squid 开发的字段,只有在通过了HTTP代理或者负载均衡服务器时才会添加该项。

格式为X-Forwarded-For:client1,proxy1,proxy2,一般情况下,第一个ip为客户端真实ip,后面的为经过的代理服务器ip。现在大部分的代理都会加上这个请求头。

  • Proxy-Client-IP/WL- Proxy-Client-IP :这个一般是经过apache http服务器的请求才会有,用apache http做代理时一般会加上Proxy-Client-IP请求头,而WL-Proxy-Client-IP是他的weblogic插件加上的头。

  • HTTP_CLIENT_IP :有些代理服务器会加上此请求头。

  • X-Real-IP :nginx代理一般会加上此请求头。


/**
* 获取用户真实IP地址,不使用request.getRemoteAddr()的原因是有可能用户使用了代理软件方式避免真实IP地址,
* 可是,如果通过了多级反向代理的话,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个,而是一串IP值
*/
private String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
System.out.println("x-forwarded-for ip: " + ip);
if (ip != null && ip.length() != 0 && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 // 多次反向代理后会有多个ip值,第一个ip才是真实ip
 if( ip.indexOf(",")!=-1 ){
 ip = ip.split(",")[0];
 }
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
 System.out.println("Proxy-Client-IP ip: " + ip);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
 System.out.println("WL-Proxy-Client-IP ip: " + ip);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
 System.out.println("HTTP_CLIENT_IP ip: " + ip);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
 System.out.println("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR ip: " + ip);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
 System.out.println("X-Real-IP ip: " + ip);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
 System.out.println("getRemoteAddr ip: " + ip);
}
System.out.println("获取客户端ip: " + ip);
return ip;
}

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
* IP校验
*/
public class IPUtils {

public static String getClientAddress(HttpServletRequest request) {
if (request == null) {
 return "unknown";
}
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
}

if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
 ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return ip.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") ? "127.0.0.1" : ip;
}

}

public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request){
String ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
 if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
 ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
 }
 if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
 ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
 }
 if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
 ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();
 if(ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1") || ipAddress.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")){
  //根据网卡取本机配置的IP
  InetAddress inet=null;
  try {
  inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
  } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  ipAddress= inet.getHostAddress();
 }
 }
 //对于通过多个代理的情况,第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割
 if(ipAddress!=null && ipAddress.length()>15){ //"***.***.***.***".length() = 15
 if(ipAddress.indexOf(",")>0){
  ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0,ipAddress.indexOf(","));
 }
 }
 return ipAddress;
}

太平洋网络IP地址查询Web接口:http://whois.pconline.com.cn/


import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
* 根据IP地址获取详细的地域信息 第一个方法是传入ip获取真实地址 最后一个方法是获取访问者真实ip 即使通过Nginx多层代理也可以获取
*/
public class AddressUtils {

public static String getAddresses(String content, String encodingString) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
// 这里调用pconline的接口
String urlStr = "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php";
// 从http://whois.pconline.com.cn取得IP所在的省市区信息
String returnStr = getResult(urlStr, content, encodingString);
if (returnStr != null) {
 // 处理返回的省市区信息
 System.out.println(returnStr);
 String[] temp = returnStr.split(",");
 if (temp.length < 3) {
 return "0";// 无效IP,局域网测试
 }
 String country = "";
 String area = "";
 String region = "";
 String city = "";
 String county = "";
 String isp = "";
 for (int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) {
 switch (i) {
 case 1:
  country = (temp[i].split(":"))[2].replaceAll("\"", "");
  country = decodeUnicode(country);// 国家
  break;
//   case 3:
//   area = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
//   area =decodeUnicode(area);//地区
//   break;
 case 5:
  region = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
  region = decodeUnicode(region);// 省份
  break;
 case 7:
  city = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
  city = decodeUnicode(city);// 市区
  break;
 case 9:
  county = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
  county = decodeUnicode(county);// 地区
  break;
 case 11:
  isp = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
  isp = decodeUnicode(isp);// ISP公司
  break;
 }
 }
 System.out.println(country + area + "=" + region + "=" + city + "=" + county + "=" + isp);
 StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(country).append(region).append(city).append(county).append(" ")
  .append(isp);
 return sb.toString();
}
return null;
}

/**
* @param urlStr 请求的地址
* @param content 请求的参数 格式为:name=xxx&pwd=xxx
* @param encoding 服务器端请求编码。如GBK,UTF-8等
* @return
*/
private static String getResult(String urlStr, String content, String encoding) {
URL url = null;
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
 url = new URL(urlStr);
 connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();// 新建连接实例
 connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);// 设置连接超时时间,单位毫秒
 connection.setReadTimeout(3000);// 设置读取数据超时时间,单位毫秒
 connection.setDoOutput(true);// 是否打开输出流 true|false
 connection.setDoInput(true);// 是否打开输入流true|false
 connection.setRequestMethod("POST");// 提交方法POST|GET
 connection.setUseCaches(false);// 是否缓存true|false
 connection.connect();// 打开连接端口
 DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());// 打开输出流往对端服务器写数据
 out.writeBytes(content);// 写数据(提交表单)
 out.flush();// 刷新
 out.close();// 关闭输出流
 // 往对端写完数据对端服务器返回数据,以BufferedReader流来读取
 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), encoding));
 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 String line = "";
 while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
 buffer.append(line);
 }
 reader.close();
 return buffer.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
 if (connection != null) {
 connection.disconnect();// 关闭连接
 }
}
return null;
}

/**
* unicode 转换成 中文
*/
public static String decodeUnicode(String theString) {
char aChar;
int len = theString.length();
StringBuffer outBuffer = new StringBuffer(len);
for (int x = 0; x < len;) {
 aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
 if (aChar == '\\') {
 aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
 if (aChar == 'u') {
  int value = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
  aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
  switch (aChar) {
  case '0':
  case '1':
  case '2':
  case '3':
  case '4':
  case '5':
  case '6':
  case '7':
  case '8':
  case '9':
   value = (value << 4) + aChar - '0';
   break;
  case 'a':
  case 'b':
  case 'c':
  case 'd':
  case 'e':
  case 'f':
   value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'a';
   break;
  case 'A':
  case 'B':
  case 'C':
  case 'D':
  case 'E':
  case 'F':
   value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'A';
   break;
  default:
   throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed encoding.");
  }
  }
  outBuffer.append((char) value);
 } else {
  if (aChar == 't') {
  aChar = '\t';
  } else if (aChar == 'r') {
  aChar = '\r';
  } else if (aChar == 'n') {
  aChar = '\n';
  } else if (aChar == 'f') {
  aChar = '\f';
  }
  outBuffer.append(aChar);
 }
 } else {
 outBuffer.append(aChar);
 }
}
return outBuffer.toString();
}

// 测试
public static void main(String[] args) {
AddressUtils addressUtils = new AddressUtils();

/**
 * 测试IP:111.121.72.101 中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
 */
String ip = "111.121.72.101";
String address = "";
try {
 address = addressUtils.getAddresses("ip=" + ip, "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(address);//中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
}
}

来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/wang1001/p/9605761.html

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