详解Go语言如何实现二叉树遍历

1. 二叉树的定义

二叉树需满足的条件

① 本身是有序树

② 树中包含的各个节点的长度不能超过2，即只能是0、1或者2

2. 前序遍历

前序遍历二叉树的顺序：根——》左——》右

package main

import "fmt"

//定义结构体
type Student struct {
Name  string
Age   int
Score float32
left  *Student //左子树指针
right *Student //右子树指针
}

//二叉树定义
func main() {
//根节点
var root Student
root.Name = "root"
root.Age = 18
root.Score = 88

//一级左子树
var left1 Student
left1.Name = "left1"
left1.Age = 20
left1.Score = 80

root.left = &left1

//一级右子树
var right1 Student
right1.Name = "right1"
right1.Age = 22
right1.Score = 100

root.right = &right1

//二级左子树
var left2 Student
left2.Name = "left2"
left2.Age = 25
left2.Score = 90

left1.left = &left2

//调用遍历函数
Req(&root)

}

//递归算法遍历整个二叉树
func Req(tmp *Student) {
for tmp == nil {
return
}
fmt.Println(tmp)
//遍历左子树
Req(tmp.left)
//遍历右子树
Req(tmp.right)
}

输出结果如下

&{root 18 88 0xc0000c0480 0xc0000c04b0}
&{left1 20 80 0xc0000c04e0 <nil>}
&{left2 25 90 <nil> <nil>}
&{right1 22 100 <nil> <nil>}

3. 中序遍历

中序遍历：左&mdash;&mdash;》根&mdash;&mdash;》右

package main

import "fmt"

//定义结构体
type Student struct {
Name  string
Age   int
Score float32
left  *Student //左子树指针
right *Student //右子树指针
}

//二叉树定义
func main() {
//根节点
var root Student
root.Name = "root"
root.Age = 18
root.Score = 88

//一级左子树
var left1 Student
left1.Name = "left1"
left1.Age = 20
left1.Score = 80

root.left = &left1

//一级右子树
var right1 Student
right1.Name = "right1"
right1.Age = 22
right1.Score = 100

root.right = &right1

//二级左子树
var left2 Student
left2.Name = "left2"
left2.Age = 25
left2.Score = 90

left1.left = &left2

//调用遍历函数
Req(&root)

}

//递归算法遍历整个二叉树
func Req(tmp *Student) {
for tmp == nil {
return
}

//遍历左子树
Req(tmp.left)

//输出root节点
fmt.Println(tmp)

//遍历右子树
Req(tmp.right)
}

输出结果如下

&{left2 25 90 <nil> <nil>}
&{left1 20 80 0xc000114510 <nil>}
&{root 18 88 0xc0001144b0 0xc0001144e0}
&{right1 22 100 <nil> <nil>}

4. 后序遍历

后序遍历：左&mdash;&mdash;》右&mdash;&mdash;》根

package main

import "fmt"

//定义结构体
type Student struct {
Name  string
Age   int
Score float32
left  *Student //左子树指针
right *Student //右子树指针
}

//二叉树定义
func main() {
//根节点
var root Student
root.Name = "root"
root.Age = 18
root.Score = 88

//一级左子树
var left1 Student
left1.Name = "left1"
left1.Age = 20
left1.Score = 80

root.left = &left1

//一级右子树
var right1 Student
right1.Name = "right1"
right1.Age = 22
right1.Score = 100

root.right = &right1

//二级左子树
var left2 Student
left2.Name = "left2"
left2.Age = 25
left2.Score = 90

left1.left = &left2

//调用遍历函数
Req(&root)

}

//递归算法遍历整个二叉树
func Req(tmp *Student) {
for tmp == nil {
return
}

//遍历左子树
Req(tmp.left)

//遍历右子树
Req(tmp.right)

//输出root节点
fmt.Println(tmp)

}

输出结果如下

&{left2 25 90 <nil> <nil>}
&{left1 20 80 0xc0000c04e0 <nil>}
&{right1 22 100 <nil> <nil>}
&{root 18 88 0xc0000c0480 0xc0000c04b0}

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/lvrui/p/16163126.html