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python实现Flappy Bird源码

作者:mini猿要成长QAQ  发布时间:2021-12-01 21:49:19 

标签:python,Flappy,Bird

Flappy Bird是前段时间(好像一年or两年前....)特别火的有一个小游戏,相信大家都玩过。

Flappy Bird操作简单,通过点击手机屏幕使Bird上升,穿过柱状障碍物之后得分,碰到则游戏结束。由于障碍物高低不等,控制Bird上升和下降需要反应快并且灵活,要得到较高的分数并不容易。作为一个游戏渣,我最高纪录是8分......

我记得当时还想,是谁发明了这个小游戏,逼死强迫症,记得当时本科时好多人在玩....

无意间在GitHub上看到了python实现的代码,所以拿来学习了一番。代码思路比较简洁。

因为第一次接触pygame,所以代码注释写的比较详细,也算是一次新体验。

玩法:空格键进入游戏,↑控制小鸟飞行

注意:需要安装pygame模块

代码:


# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

from itertools import cycle
import random
import sys

import pygame #将pygame库导入到python程序中
from pygame.locals import * #需要引入pygame中的所有常量。

FPS = 30
SCREENWIDTH = 288 #屏幕宽度
SCREENHEIGHT = 512 #屏幕高度
# amount by which base can maximum shift to left
PIPEGAPSIZE = 100 # gap between upper and lower part of pipe 管道上下之间的间隙
BASEY  = SCREENHEIGHT * 0.79 #base那个条条所在的高度 注意以左上角为坐标起始点 所以这个高度是往下为正
# image, sound and hitmask dicts
IMAGES, SOUNDS, HITMASKS = {}, {}, {} #图像,声音,撞击的文件

# list of all possible players (tuple of 3 positions of flap) #三种小鸟造型
PLAYERS_LIST = (
# red bird
(
 'assets/sprites/redbird-upflap.png',
 'assets/sprites/redbird-midflap.png',
 'assets/sprites/redbird-downflap.png',
),
# blue bird
(
 # amount by which base can maximum shift to left
 'assets/sprites/bluebird-upflap.png',
 'assets/sprites/bluebird-midflap.png',
 'assets/sprites/bluebird-downflap.png',
),
# yellow bird
(
 'assets/sprites/yellowbird-upflap.png',
 'assets/sprites/yellowbird-midflap.png',
 'assets/sprites/yellowbird-downflap.png',
),
)

# list of backgrounds 两种背景,一种白天,一种黑夜
BACKGROUNDS_LIST = (
'assets/sprites/background-day.png',
'assets/sprites/background-night.png',
)

# list of pipes 管道的两种颜色,一种绿色,一种红色
PIPES_LIST = (
'assets/sprites/pipe-green.png',
'assets/sprites/pipe-red.png',
)

try:
xrange
except NameError:
xrange = range

def main():
global SCREEN, FPSCLOCK
pygame.init() #经过初始化以后我们就可以尽情地使用pygame了。

#使用Pygame时钟之前,必须先创建Clock对象的一个实例,
FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()#控制每个循环多长时间运行一次。这就像一个定时器在控制时间进程,指出“现在开始下一个循环”!现在开始下一个循环!……

SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREENWIDTH, SCREENHEIGHT))#通常来说我们需要先创建一个窗口,方便我们与程序的交互。
pygame.display.set_caption('Flappy Bird')#设置窗口标题

# numbers sprites for score display #加载并转换图像
#在pygame中可以使用pygame.image.load()函数来加载位图 (支持jpg,png,gif,bmp,pcx,tif,tga等多种图片格式)。
#convert_alpha()方法会使用透明的方法绘制前景对象。
# 因此在加载一个有alpha通道的素材时(比如PNG TGA),需要使用convert_alpha()方法,当然普通的图片也是可以使用这个方法的,用了也不会有什么副作用。
IMAGES['numbers'] = (
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/0.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/1.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/2.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/3.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/4.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/5.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/6.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/7.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/8.png').convert_alpha(),
 pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/9.png').convert_alpha()
)

# game over sprite 游戏结束显示的图像
IMAGES['gameover'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/gameover.png').convert_alpha()
# message sprite for welcome screen 欢迎界面显示的图像
IMAGES['message'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/message.png').convert_alpha()
# base (ground) sprite 始终显示的base图像
IMAGES['base'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/base.png').convert_alpha()

# sounds
# WAV版 OGG版是指游戏的音频格式
# WAV版是属于游戏原版
# OGG是大大们通过转换器把音频格式的WAV改成OGG,这样游戏的配置提高要求使游戏本身的体积而缩小节省了空间。
#可以看一下同一个音频 ogg版的是比wav版的文件小很多
if 'win' in sys.platform: #判断当前系统平台 来设置声音文件后缀
 soundExt = '.wav'
else:
 soundExt = '.ogg'

# 音效:pygame.mixer
# sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('/home/liumin/love.wav')使用指定文件名载入一个音频文件,并创建一个Sound对象。 音频文件可以是wav,ogg等格式。
# 音频文件的内容会被全部载入到内存中。
SOUNDS['die'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/die' + soundExt)
SOUNDS['hit'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/hit' + soundExt)
SOUNDS['point'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/point' + soundExt)
SOUNDS['swoosh'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/swoosh' + soundExt)
SOUNDS['wing'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/wing' + soundExt)

while True:
 # select random background sprites 加载随机背景 (白天或者黑夜)
 randBg = random.randint(0, len(BACKGROUNDS_LIST) - 1)#随机选择0或者1
 IMAGES['background'] = pygame.image.load(BACKGROUNDS_LIST[randBg]).convert()#加载随机背景

# select random player sprites 加载随机角色 (红色、蓝色、黄色小鸟)
 randPlayer = random.randint(0, len(PLAYERS_LIST) - 1)
 IMAGES['player'] = (
  pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][0]).convert_alpha(),
  pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][1]).convert_alpha(),
  pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][2]).convert_alpha(),
 )

# select random pipe sprites 加载随机管道样式
 pipeindex = random.randint(0, len(PIPES_LIST) - 1)
 IMAGES['pipe'] = (
  pygame.transform.rotate(
   pygame.image.load(PIPES_LIST[pipeindex]).convert_alpha(), 180),#旋转180度
  pygame.image.load(PIPES_LIST[pipeindex]).convert_alpha(),
 )#一个上面的管道 一个下面的管道

# hismask for pipes #得到管道的边界mask
 HITMASKS['pipe'] = (
  getHitmask(IMAGES['pipe'][0]),
  getHitmask(IMAGES['pipe'][1]),
 )

# hitmask for player #得到player的边界mask
 HITMASKS['player'] = (
  getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][0]),
  getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][1]),
  getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][2]),
 )

movementInfo = showWelcomeAnimation()#返回'playery'(player所在位置),'basex'(base图像所在位置) 'playerIndexGen'(飞行姿势index)
 crashInfo = mainGame(movementInfo)
 showGameOverScreen(crashInfo)

def showWelcomeAnimation():
"""Shows welcome screen animation of flappy bird"""
# index of player to blit on screen
playerIndex = 0
playerIndexGen = cycle([0, 1, 2, 1])
# iterator used to change playerIndex after every 5th iteration
loopIter = 0

#player所在位置
playerx = int(SCREENWIDTH * 0.2)
playery = int((SCREENHEIGHT - IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()) / 2)
#欢迎图像所在位置
messagex = int((SCREENWIDTH - IMAGES['message'].get_width()) / 2)
messagey = int(SCREENHEIGHT * 0.12)

basex = 0
# amount by which base can maximum shift to left 可以最大限度地向左移动的距离
baseShift = IMAGES['base'].get_width() - IMAGES['background'].get_width()

# player shm for up-down motion on welcome screen 角色在欢迎屏幕上进行上下移动
playerShmVals = {'val': 0, 'dir': 1}

while True:
 for event in pygame.event.get():#使用pygame.event.get()来处理所有的事件,
  if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):#如果 quit 或者 按键之后又按下esc,就结束游戏
   pygame.quit()
   sys.exit()
  if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):#如果按键之后点击或者按下↑
   # make first flap sound and return values for mainGame
   SOUNDS['wing'].play()#播放飞的特效声音
   return {#返回初始位置 进入maingame
    'playery': playery + playerShmVals['val'],
    'basex': basex,
    'playerIndexGen': playerIndexGen,
   }

# adjust playery, playerIndex, basex
 if (loopIter + 1) % 5 == 0:
  playerIndex = next(playerIndexGen)#获得匹配元素集合中每个元素紧邻的同胞元素 调整飞行姿势图片
 loopIter = (loopIter + 1) % 30
 basex = -((-basex + 4) % baseShift)
 playerShm(playerShmVals)

# draw sprites
 #screen.blit(space, (0,0))可以绘制位图 第一个参数是加载完成的位图,第二个参数是绘制的起始坐标。
 SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))
 SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['player'][playerIndex],
    (playerx, playery + playerShmVals['val']))
 SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['message'], (messagex, messagey))
 SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))

pygame.display.update()#更新整个窗口
 FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)#循环应该多长时间运行一次

def mainGame(movementInfo):
score = playerIndex = loopIter = 0#初始得分以及初始player的姿态以及迭代次数都为0
playerIndexGen = movementInfo['playerIndexGen']#得到飞行姿势
playerx, playery = int(SCREENWIDTH * 0.2), movementInfo['playery']#player所在位置

basex = movementInfo['basex']#base图像所在位置
baseShift = IMAGES['base'].get_width() - IMAGES['background'].get_width()

# get 2 new pipes to add to upperPipes lowerPipes list
newPipe1 = getRandomPipe()
newPipe2 = getRandomPipe()

# list of upper pipes
upperPipes = [
 {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200, 'y': newPipe1[0]['y']},
 {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200 + (SCREENWIDTH / 2), 'y': newPipe2[0]['y']},
]

# list of lowerpipe
lowerPipes = [
 {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200, 'y': newPipe1[1]['y']},
 {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200 + (SCREENWIDTH / 2), 'y': newPipe2[1]['y']},
]

pipeVelX = -4

# player velocity, max velocity, downward accleration, accleration on flap 角色速度,最大速度,向下加速度,襟翼加速度
playerVelY = -9 # player's velocity along Y, default same as playerFlapped
playerMaxVelY = 10 # max vel along Y, max descend speed
playerMinVelY = -8 # min vel along Y, max ascend speed
playerAccY = 1 # players downward accleration
playerRot  = 45 # player's rotation
playerVelRot = 3 # angular speed
playerRotThr = 20 # rotation threshold
playerFlapAcc = -9 # players speed on flapping
playerFlapped = False # True when player flaps

while True:
 for event in pygame.event.get():
  if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
   pygame.quit()
   sys.exit()
  if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):
   if playery > -2 * IMAGES['player'][0].get_height():#如果点击
    playerVelY = playerFlapAcc#上升
    playerFlapped = True
    SOUNDS['wing'].play()#并播放飞行音效

# check for crash here
 crashTest = checkCrash({'x': playerx, 'y': playery, 'index': playerIndex},
       upperPipes, lowerPipes)
 if crashTest[0]:#如果掉在地上或者撞击到了管道,就返回结束游戏
  return {
   'y': playery,
   'groundCrash': crashTest[1],
   'basex': basex,
   'upperPipes': upperPipes,
   'lowerPipes': lowerPipes,
   'score': score,
   'playerVelY': playerVelY,
   'playerRot': playerRot
  }

# check for score
 playerMidPos = playerx + IMAGES['player'][0].get_width() / 2
 for pipe in upperPipes:
  pipeMidPos = pipe['x'] + IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width() / 2
  if pipeMidPos <= playerMidPos < pipeMidPos + 4:#当角色达到管道缝隙的中间+4时,score+1,并且在此时播放得分音效
   score += 1
   SOUNDS['point'].play()

# playerIndex basex change
 if (loopIter + 1) % 3 == 0:
  playerIndex = next(playerIndexGen)
 loopIter = (loopIter + 1) % 30
 basex = -((-basex + 100) % baseShift)

# rotate the player
 if playerRot > -90:
  playerRot -= playerVelRot

# player's movement
 if playerVelY < playerMaxVelY and not playerFlapped:
  playerVelY += playerAccY
 if playerFlapped:
  playerFlapped = False

# more rotation to cover the threshold (calculated in visible rotation)
  playerRot = 45

playerHeight = IMAGES['player'][playerIndex].get_height()
 playery += min(playerVelY, BASEY - playery - playerHeight)

# move pipes to left
 for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):
  uPipe['x'] += pipeVelX #管道移动
  lPipe['x'] += pipeVelX

# add new pipe when first pipe is about to touch left of screen
 if 0 < upperPipes[0]['x'] < 5:#当第一个管道移动到屏幕左侧边缘时,生成下一个管道
  newPipe = getRandomPipe()
  upperPipes.append(newPipe[0])
  lowerPipes.append(newPipe[1])

# remove first pipe if its out of the screen
 if upperPipes[0]['x'] < -IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width(): #当管道移动到屏幕外侧后,删除它
  upperPipes.pop(0)
  lowerPipes.pop(0)

# draw sprites
 SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))

for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):
  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][0], (uPipe['x'], uPipe['y']))
  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][1], (lPipe['x'], lPipe['y']))

SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))
 # print score so player overlaps the score
 showScore(score) #显示得分

# Player rotation has a threshold
 visibleRot = playerRotThr
 if playerRot <= playerRotThr:
  visibleRot = playerRot

playerSurface = pygame.transform.rotate(IMAGES['player'][playerIndex], visibleRot)#旋转角色
 SCREEN.blit(playerSurface, (playerx, playery))#显示旋转后的角色

pygame.display.update()#更新窗口
 FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)#循环应该多长时间运行一次

def showGameOverScreen(crashInfo):
"""crashes the player down ans shows gameover image"""
score = crashInfo['score']#获取得分
playerx = SCREENWIDTH * 0.2
playery = crashInfo['y']
playerHeight = IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()
playerVelY = crashInfo['playerVelY']
playerAccY = 2
playerRot = crashInfo['playerRot']
playerVelRot = 7

basex = crashInfo['basex']

upperPipes, lowerPipes = crashInfo['upperPipes'], crashInfo['lowerPipes']

# play hit and die sounds
SOUNDS['hit'].play()
if not crashInfo['groundCrash']:#如果没有撞击到地面,就播放die音效就可以了
 SOUNDS['die'].play()

while True:
 for event in pygame.event.get():
  if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
   pygame.quit()
   sys.exit()
  if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):
   if playery + playerHeight >= BASEY - 1:
    return

# player y shift
 if playery + playerHeight < BASEY - 1:
  playery += min(playerVelY, BASEY - playery - playerHeight)

# player velocity change
 if playerVelY < 15:
  playerVelY += playerAccY

# rotate only when it's a pipe crash
 if not crashInfo['groundCrash']:
  if playerRot > -90:
   playerRot -= playerVelRot

# draw sprites
 SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))

for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):
  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][0], (uPipe['x'], uPipe['y']))
  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][1], (lPipe['x'], lPipe['y']))

SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))
 showScore(score)

playerSurface = pygame.transform.rotate(IMAGES['player'][1], playerRot)
 SCREEN.blit(playerSurface, (playerx,playery))

FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
 pygame.display.update()

def playerShm(playerShm):
"""oscillates the value of playerShm['val'] between 8 and -8"""
if abs(playerShm['val']) == 8:
 playerShm['dir'] *= -1

if playerShm['dir'] == 1:
  playerShm['val'] += 1
else:
 playerShm['val'] -= 1

def getRandomPipe():#随机生成随机高度的管道 ????????还需要看细节
"""returns a randomly generated pipe"""
# y of gap between upper and lower pipe
gapY = random.randrange(0, int(BASEY * 0.6 - PIPEGAPSIZE))
gapY += int(BASEY * 0.2)
pipeHeight = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_height()
pipeX = SCREENWIDTH + 10

return [
 {'x': pipeX, 'y': gapY - pipeHeight}, # upper pipe
 {'x': pipeX, 'y': gapY + PIPEGAPSIZE}, # lower pipe
]

def showScore(score):
"""displays score in center of screen"""
scoreDigits = [int(x) for x in list(str(score))]
totalWidth = 0 # total width of all numbers to be printed

for digit in scoreDigits:
 totalWidth += IMAGES['numbers'][digit].get_width()

Xoffset = (SCREENWIDTH - totalWidth) / 2

for digit in scoreDigits:
 SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['numbers'][digit], (Xoffset, SCREENHEIGHT * 0.1))#显示得分
 Xoffset += IMAGES['numbers'][digit].get_width()

def checkCrash(player, upperPipes, lowerPipes):
"""returns True if player collders with base or pipes."""
pi = player['index']#飞行姿势
player['w'] = IMAGES['player'][0].get_width()
player['h'] = IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()

# if player crashes into ground 掉在地上
if player['y'] + player['h'] >= BASEY - 1:
 return [True, True] #返回
else:

playerRect = pygame.Rect(player['x'], player['y'],
     player['w'], player['h'])
 pipeW = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width()
 pipeH = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_height()

for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):
  # upper and lower pipe rects
  uPipeRect = pygame.Rect(uPipe['x'], uPipe['y'], pipeW, pipeH)
  lPipeRect = pygame.Rect(lPipe['x'], lPipe['y'], pipeW, pipeH)

# player and upper/lower pipe hitmasks
  pHitMask = HITMASKS['player'][pi]
  uHitmask = HITMASKS['pipe'][0]
  lHitmask = HITMASKS['pipe'][1]

# if bird collided with upipe or lpipe
  uCollide = pixelCollision(playerRect, uPipeRect, pHitMask, uHitmask)
  lCollide = pixelCollision(playerRect, lPipeRect, pHitMask, lHitmask)

if uCollide or lCollide:#如果撞击到了上管道或者下管道 返回
   return [True, False]

return [False, False]

def pixelCollision(rect1, rect2, hitmask1, hitmask2):
"""Checks if two objects collide and not just their rects"""
rect = rect1.clip(rect2)#角色和管道之间重合的情况

if rect.width == 0 or rect.height == 0:#没重合就是没撞击到
 return False

x1, y1 = rect.x - rect1.x, rect.y - rect1.y
x2, y2 = rect.x - rect2.x, rect.y - rect2.y

for x in xrange(rect.width):
 for y in xrange(rect.height):
  if hitmask1[x1+x][y1+y] and hitmask2[x2+x][y2+y]:#撞击到了
   return True
return False

def getHitmask(image):
"""returns a hitmask using an image's alpha."""
#得到撞击mask
mask = []
for x in xrange(image.get_width()):
 mask.append([])
 for y in xrange(image.get_height()):
  mask[x].append(bool(image.get_at((x,y))[3]))
return mask

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

游戏截图:

python实现Flappy Bird源码

来源:https://blog.csdn.net/sgfmby1994/article/details/77981621

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