Linux常用命令与命令缩写整理

Linux 常用命令

• pwd: print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径

• ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器)  常用参数：－auxf  ：ps -auxf 显示进程状态

• df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。

• du: Disk usage

• rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一

• rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）

• rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）

• cat: concatenate 连锁

• cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中

• insmod: install module,载入模块

• ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式

• mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录)

• touch: touch

• man: Manual

• su：Swith user(切换用户)

• cd：Change directory

• ls：List files

• ps：Process Status

• mkdir：Make directory

• rmdir：Remove directory

• mkfs: Make file system

• fsck：File system check

• uname: Unix name

• lsmod: List modules

• mv: Move file

• rm: Remove file

• cp: Copy file

• ln: Link files

• fg: Foreground

• bg: Background

• chown: Change owner

• chgrp: Change group

• chmod: Change mode

• umount: Unmount

• dd: 本来应根据其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名为"cc"，但"cc"已经被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名为"dd"

• tar：Tape archive （磁带档案）

• ldd：List dynamic dependencies

• insmod：Install module

• rmmod：Remove module

• lsmod：List module

• 文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration

• Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）

• .a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library

• .so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library

• .o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file

• RPM：Red hat package manager

• dpkg：Debian package manager

• apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）

其他 Linux 命令缩写

• bin = Binaries (二进制文件)

• /dev = Devices (设备)

• /etc = Etcetera (等等)

• /lib = LIBrary

• /proc = Processes

• /sbin = Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)

• /tmp = Temporary (临时)

• /usr = Unix Shared Resources

• /var = Variable (变量)

• FIFO = First In, First Out

• GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader

• IFS= Internal Field Seperators

• LILO = LInux LOader

• MySQL = My 是最初作者女儿的名字，

• SQL = Structured QueryLanguage

• PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor

• PS = Prompt String

• Perl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”

• Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus

• Tcl = Tool Command Language

• Tk = ToolKit

• VT = Video Terminal

• YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool

• apache = “a patchy” server

• apt = Advanced Packaging Tool

• ar = archiver

• as = assembler

• awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三个作者的姓的第一个字母

• bash = Bourne Again SHell

• bc = Basic (Better) Calculator

• bg = BackGround

• biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。

• cal = Calendar (日历)

• cat = Catenate (链接)

• cd = Change Directory

• chgrp = Change Group

• chmod = Change Mode

• chown = Change Owner

• chsh = Change Shell

• cmp = compare

• cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture

• comm = common

• cp = Copy

• cpio = CoPy In and Out

• cpp = C Pre Processor

• cron = Chronos 希腊文时间

• cups = Common Unix Printing System

• cvs = Current Version System

• daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor

• dc = Desk Calculator

• dd = Disk Dump (磁盘转储)

• df = Disk Free

• diff = Difference

• dmesg = diagnostic message

• du = Disk Usage

• ed = editor

• egrep = Extended GREP

• elf = Extensible Linking Format

• elm = ELectronic Mail

• emacs = Editor MACroS

• eval = EVALuate

• ex = EXtended

• exec = EXECute (执行)

• fd = file descriptors

• fg = ForeGround

• fgrep = Fixed GREP

• fmt = format

• fsck = File System ChecK

• fstab = FileSystem TABle

• fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager

• gawk = GNU AWK

• gpg = GNU Privacy Guard

• groff = GNU troff

• hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer

• joe = Joe’s Own Editor

• ksh = Korn SHell

• lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder

• lex = LEXical analyser

• lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses

• ln = Link

• lpr = Line PRint

• ls = list

• lsof = LiSt Open Files

• m4 = Macro processor Version 4

• man = MANual pages

• mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK

• mc = Midnight Commander

• mkfs = MaKe FileSystem

• mknod = Make Node

• motd = Message of The Day

• mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa

• mtab = Mount TABle

• mv = Move

• nano = Nano’s ANOther editor

• nawk = New AWK

• nl = Number of Lines

• nm = names

• nohup = No HangUP

• nroff = New ROFF

• od = Octal Dump

• passwd = Passwd

• pg = pager

• pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor

• pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”

• ping = 拟声 又 = Packet Internet Grouper

• pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability

• popd = POP Directory

• pr = pre

• printf = Print Formatted

• ps = Processes Status

• pty = pseudo tty

• pushd = PUSH Directory

• pwd = Print Working Directory

• rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell

• rev = REVerse

• rm = ReMove

• rn = Read News

• roff = RunOFF

• rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager

• rsh, rlogin, rvim中的

• r = Remote

• rxvt = ouR XVT

• seamoneky = 我

• sed = Stream Editor

• seq = SEQuence

• shar = Shell ARchive

• slrn = S-Lang rn

• ssh = Secure Shell

• ssl = Secure Sockets Layer

• stty = Set TTY

• su = Substitute User

• svn = SubVersion

• tar = Tape ARchive

• tcsh = TENEX C shell

• tee = T (T形水管接口)

• telnet = TEminaL over Network

• termcap = terminal capability

• terminfo = terminal information

• tex = τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art

• tr = traslate

• troff = Typesetter new ROFF

• tsort = Topological SORT

• tty = TeleTypewriter

• twm = Tom’s Window Manager

• tz = TimeZone

• udev = Userspace DEV

• ulimit = User’s LIMIT

• umask = User’s MASK

• uniq = UNIQue

• i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient

• vim = Vi IMproved

• wall = write all

• wc = Word Count

• wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator

• xargs = eXtended ARGuments

• xdm = X Display Manager

• xlfd = X Logical Font Description

• xmms = X Multimedia System

• xrdb = X Resources DataBase

• xwd = X Window Dump

• yacc = yet another compiler compiler

• Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell

• su = Switch User

• MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

• ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/springsnow/p/12486486.html