Java selenium处理极验滑动验证码示例

要爬取一个网站遇到了极验的验证码，这周都在想着怎么破解这个，网上搜了好多知乎上看到有人问了这问题，我按照这思路去大概实现了一下。

1.使用htmlunit（这种方式我没成功，模拟鼠标拖拽后轨迹没生成,可以跳过）

我用的是java,我首先先想到了用直接用htmlunit，我做了点初始化

private void initWebClient() {
   if (webClient != null) {
     return;
   }
   webClient = new WebClient(BrowserVersion.FIREFOX_24);
    webClient.getOptions().setProxyConfig(new ProxyConfig("127.0.0.1",8888));
   webClient.getOptions().setActiveXNative(true);
   webClient.getOptions().setUseInsecureSSL(true); // 配置证书
   webClient.getOptions().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
   webClient.getOptions().setCssEnabled(true);
   webClient.setCssErrorHandler(new SilentCssErrorHandler());
   webClient.getOptions().setThrowExceptionOnScriptError(false);
   webClient.getOptions().setThrowExceptionOnFailingStatusCode(false);
   CookieManager cookieManager = new CookieManager();
   List<org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie> httpCookies = client.getCookies();//其方式获取的cookie
   for (org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie cookie : httpCookies) {
     cookieManager.addCookie(new com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.util.Cookie(cookie));
   }
   webClient.setCookieManager(cookieManager);
 }

初始化代理，cookie..然后就能正常调用了

HtmlPage page = webClient.getPage("http://www.qixin.com/login");//企信宝
gePageInfor(page);

下面就是我获取图片，还原图片并且模拟拖拽，（这里我觉得是有些问题的，可能是拖拽我模拟的不对导致触发的js并没有生成正确的轨迹，还请大家帮忙看看哪里错了）

private void gePageInfor(HtmlPage page) {
   String[] img_slice={"div", "class", "gt_cut_fullbg_slice"};
   String[] img_bg_slice={"div", "class", "gt_cut_bg_slice"};
   HtmlDivision div = (HtmlDivision) page.getElementById("captcha");
   int deCAPTCHA = 0;
   try {
     byte[] img_slice_binary = client.get(getImgUrl(img_slice, div, true)).getBinary();//获取图片byte
     byte[] img_bg_slice_binary = client.get(getImgUrl(img_bg_slice, div, false)).getBinary();
     //获取还原后的图片
     BufferedImage geetestImg = ImgTest.getGeetestImg(img_slice_binary, ImgTest.imgArray);
     BufferedImage geetestImg2 = ImgTest.getGeetestImg(img_bg_slice_binary, ImgTest.imgArray);
     //获得图片移动位置（目前还有问题，需改用第三方图片识别）
     deCAPTCHA =ImgTest.deCAPTCHA(geetestImg,geetestImg2);
     System.out.println(deCAPTCHA);
   } catch (IOException | FetchException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
   }
   HtmlDivision div_slider_knob = get_div_slider_knob(page,"gt_slider_knob gt_show");//获取要移动div
   HtmlPage mouseOver = (HtmlPage) div_slider_knob.mouseOver();
   HtmlPage mouseDownPage = (HtmlPage)div_slider_knob.mouseDown();
   div_slider_knob = get_div_slider_knob(mouseDownPage,"gt_slider_knob gt_show moving");
   mouseMoveX(deCAPTCHA, div_slider_knob, mouseDownPage);
   HtmlPage newPage =(HtmlPage)div_slider_knob.mouseOver();
//    newPage =(HtmlPage)div_slider_knob.mouseDown();
   System.out.println(newPage.asXml());
   div = (HtmlDivision)newPage.getElementById("captcha");
   HtmlElement htmlElement = div.getElementsByAttribute("div", "class", "gt_slice gt_show moving").get(0);
   System.out.println(htmlElement);
   newPage =(HtmlPage)div_slider_knob.mouseUp();//触发js,轨迹没有生成
   System.out.println("---------------");
   System.out.println(newPage.asXml());    
   if (newPage.getElementById("captcha")!=null) {//错误重试
     //gePageInfor(newPage);
   }
 }

private void mouseMoveX(int deCAPTCHA, HtmlDivision div_slider_knob, HtmlPage mouseDown) {
   MouseEvent mouseEvent = new MouseEvent(div_slider_knob, MouseEvent.TYPE_MOUSE_MOVE, false, false, false, MouseEvent.BUTTON_LEFT);
   mouseEvent.setClientX( mouseEvent.getClientX()+((deCAPTCHA!=0)?deCAPTCHA:99));  //移动x坐标
   ScriptResult scriptResult = mouseDown.getDocumentElement().fireEvent(mouseEvent);
 }
 private HtmlDivision get_div_slider_knob(HtmlPage page,String classString) {
   return (HtmlDivision)(((HtmlDivision) page.getElementById("captcha")).getElementsByAttribute("div", "class", classString).get(0));
 }

private String getImgUrl(String[] img_slice, HtmlDivision div, boolean isNeedCheckPostion) {
   String url ="";
   int[] postion = new int[2];
   boolean empty = div.getElementsByAttribute(img_slice[0],img_slice[1],img_slice[2]).isEmpty();
   if (div.hasChildNodes() && !empty) {
     List<HtmlElement> elementsByAttribute = div.getElementsByAttribute(img_slice[0],img_slice[1],img_slice[2]);  
     for(int i = 0;i<elementsByAttribute.size();i++){
       HtmlDivision div_img = (HtmlDivision)elementsByAttribute.get(i);
       String style = div_img.getAttribute("style");
       String[] imge_url_position = style.split(";");
       if(StringUtils.isBlank(url)){//确认url
         url = StringUtils.replacePattern(imge_url_position[0], ".*\\(", "").replace(")", "");
       }
       if (isNeedCheckPostion) {//确认图片切割postion,两张图切割方式一样 background-position: -157px -58px
//          String[] positionS = StringUtils.split(StringUtils.remove(imge_url_position[1], "px").replace("-", "").replaceAll(".*:", ""), null);
         String[] positionS = StringUtils.split(StringUtils.removePattern(imge_url_position[1], "[^\\d+ \\s]"),null);
         postion[0] = Integer.parseInt(positionS[0]);
         postion[1] = Integer.parseInt(positionS[1]);
         int[] is = ImgTest.imgArray[i];
         if (is[0]!=postion[0]||is[1]!=postion[1]) {
           logger.debug("更新分割postion");
           ImgTest.imgArray[i] = postion;
         }
         System.out.println(ImgTest.imgArray);
         isNeedCheckPostion= false;
       }
     }
   }
   return url;
 }

对比图片获取位移方法（deCAPTCHA）是错的我就不放代码了，下面是其中还原图片用的方法，目前是其实审查元素后你就明白怎么还原这个图片了，这里是每次读的10px，58px 

public static BufferedImage getGeetestImg(byte[] binary, int[][] imgArray) throws IOException {
   BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(binary));
   List<BufferedImage> list = new ArrayList<>();
   for (int i=0;i< imgArray.length;i++) {  
     BufferedImage subimage = img.getSubimage(imgArray[i][0], imgArray[i][1], 10, 58);
     list.add(subimage);
//      ImageIO.write(subimage, "jpg", new File("d:\\image\\imgs"+i+".jpg"));
   }
   BufferedImage mergeImageUp = null;
   BufferedImage mergeImageDown = null;
   int mid = list.size()>>>1;
   for (int i = 0; i <mid-1 ; i++) {
     mergeImageUp = mergeImage(mergeImageUp==null?list.get(i):mergeImageUp, list.get(i+1), true);        
   }
   for(int i = mid;i<list.size()-1;i++){
     mergeImageDown = mergeImage(mergeImageDown==null?list.get(i):mergeImageDown,list.get(i+1), true);
   }
   img = mergeImage(mergeImageUp, mergeImageDown, false);
   return img;
 }
  public static BufferedImage mergeImage(BufferedImage img1,
       BufferedImage img2, boolean isHorizontal) throws IOException {
     int w1 = img1.getWidth();
     int h1 = img1.getHeight();
     int w2 = img2.getWidth();
     int h2 = img2.getHeight();
     // 从图片中读取RGB
     int[] ImageArrayOne = new int[w1 * h1];
     ImageArrayOne = img1.getRGB(0, 0, w1, h1, ImageArrayOne, 0, w1); // 逐行扫描图像中各个像素的RGB到数组中
     int[] ImageArrayTwo = new int[w2 * h2];
     ImageArrayTwo = img2.getRGB(0, 0, w2, h2, ImageArrayTwo, 0, w2);

// 生成新图片
     BufferedImage DestImage = null;
     if (isHorizontal) { // 水平方向合并
       DestImage = new BufferedImage(w1+w2, h1, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
       DestImage.setRGB(0, 0, w1, h1, ImageArrayOne, 0, w1); // 设置上半部分或左半部分的RGB
       DestImage.setRGB(w1, 0, w2, h2, ImageArrayTwo, 0, w2);
     } else { // 垂直方向合并
       DestImage = new BufferedImage(w1, h1 + h2,
           BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
       DestImage.setRGB(0, 0, w1, h1, ImageArrayOne, 0, w1); // 设置上半部分或左半部分的RGB
       DestImage.setRGB(0, h1, w2, h2, ImageArrayTwo, 0, w2); // 设置下半部分的RGB
     }

return DestImage;
   }

2.使用selenium

后来我想着是我模拟鼠标这个动作哪里有问题，我就又找到了selenium（2.42.2）,他也能操作htmlunit关键他的鼠标动作好像封装比较完全

但是我尝试了以后发现了这个，HtmlUnitMouse这个动作没有实现

public void mouseMove(Coordinates where, long xOffset, long yOffset) {
 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Moving to arbitrary X,Y coordinates not supported.");
}

好吧，于是调用chrome吧

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\chromedriver.exe");
   Proxy proxy = new Proxy();
   //设置代理服务器地址
   proxy.setHttpProxy("127.0.0.1:8888");
//    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.htmlUnitWithJs();
   DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
   capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY, proxy);
//    final WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(capabilities);  
   WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities);
   driver.get("http://www.qixin.com/login");
   driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    checkPage(driver,"return $('.gt_cut_fullbg_slice');");
   // 获取 网页的 title
   System.out.println("1 Page title is: " + driver.getTitle());
   // 通过 id 找到 input 的 DOM
   String pageSource = driver.getPageSource();
   System.out.println(pageSource);
   org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor executor = (org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor)driver;
   boolean equals = executor.executeScript("return document.readyState").equals("complete");
   int moveX =99;//移动位置
   if (equals) {
     WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("gt_slider_knob"));//(".gt_slider_knob"));
     Point location = element.getLocation();
     element.getSize();
     Actions action = new Actions(driver);
     //       action.clickAndHold().perform();// 鼠标在当前位置点击后不释放
//       action.clickAndHold(element).perform();// 鼠标在 onElement 元素的位置点击后不释放
//       action.clickAndHold(element).moveByOffset(location.x+99,location.y).release().perform(); //选中source元素->拖放到（xOffset,yOffset）位置->释放左键
      action.dragAndDropBy(element, location.x+moveX,location.y).perform();
//      action.dragAndDrop(element,newelement).perform();
     pageSource = driver.getPageSource();
   }
   //更新cookie
   Set<org.openqa.selenium.Cookie> cookies = driver.manage().getCookies();
   Set<Cookie> cookies2 = new HashSet<>();
   for (org.openqa.selenium.Cookie cookie : cookies) {
     cookies2.add((Cookie) new Cookie(cookie.getDomain(), cookie.getName(), cookie.getValue(), cookie.getPath(), cookie.getExpiry(), true));
   }
   for (Cookie cookie : cookies2) {
     org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie httpClient = cookie.toHttpClient();
   }
   System.out.println(pageSource);

这样提交的表单确实是有轨迹的，这里移动位置我先写了个固定值，可以由上面图片还原，以及一些开源的图片识别工具识别出位置。以上应该就能解决这个滑动验证码了

来源：http://www.cnblogs.com/wangly/p/5630069.html