软件编程
位置:首页>> 软件编程>> java编程>> 举例讲解Java的Hibernate框架中的多对一和一对多映射

举例讲解Java的Hibernate框架中的多对一和一对多映射

作者:goldensun  发布时间:2023-09-05 23:05:53 

标签:Hibernate,映射,Java

多对一(Many-to-One)映射
多对一(many-to-one)关联是最常见的关联关系,其中一个对象可以与多个对象相关联。例如,一个相同的地址对象可以与多个雇员的对象相关联。

定义RDBMS表:
考虑一个情况,我们需要员工记录存储在EMPLOYEE表,将有以下结构:


create table EMPLOYEE (
 id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
 first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
 last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
 salary   INT default NULL,
 address  INT NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

此外,许多员工都可以有相同的地址,所以这种关联可以使用许多一对一的关联呈现。我们将存储地址相关的信息在一个单独的表,该表具有以下结构:


create table ADDRESS (
 id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
 street_name VARCHAR(40) default NULL,
 city_name VARCHAR(40) default NULL,
 state_name VARCHAR(40) default NULL,
 zipcode VARCHAR(10) default NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

同时创建RBDMS表,并让他们准备下一个实现。

定义POJO类:
让我们实现一个POJO类员工将被用于保存与EMPLOYEE表的对象和其地址类型的变量。


import java.util.*;

public class Employee{
 private int id;
 private String firstName;
 private String lastName;  
 private int salary;
 private Address address;

public Employee() {}
 public Employee(String fname, String lname,
         int salary, Address address ) {
  this.firstName = fname;
  this.lastName = lname;
  this.salary = salary;
  this.address = address;
 }
 public int getId() {
  return id;
 }
 public void setId( int id ) {
  this.id = id;
 }
 public String getFirstName() {
  return firstName;
 }
 public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
  this.firstName = first_name;
 }
 public String getLastName() {
  return lastName;
 }
 public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
  this.lastName = last_name;
 }
 public int getSalary() {
  return salary;
 }
 public void setSalary( int salary ) {
  this.salary = salary;
 }

public Address getAddress() {
  return address;
 }
 public void setAddress( Address address ) {
  this.address = address;
 }
}

我们需要定义相应的地址表,这样地址对象可以存储和检索到地址表中的另一个POJO类。


import java.util.*;

public class Address{
 private int id;
 private String street;  
 private String city;  
 private String state;  
 private String zipcode;

public Address() {}
 public Address(String street, String city,
        String state, String zipcode) {
  this.street = street;
  this.city = city;
  this.state = state;
  this.zipcode = zipcode;
 }
 public int getId() {
  return id;
 }
 public void setId( int id ) {
  this.id = id;
 }
 public String getStreet() {
  return street;
 }
 public void setStreet( String street ) {
  this.street = street;
 }
 public String getCity() {
  return city;
 }
 public void setCity( String city ) {
  this.city = city;
 }
 public String getState() {
  return state;
 }
 public void setState( String state ) {
  this.state = state;
 }
 public String getZipcode() {
  return zipcode;
 }
 public void setZipcode( String zipcode ) {
  this.zipcode = zipcode;
 }

}

定义Hibernate映射文件:
开发我们的映射文件,可指示Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表。<many-to-one>进行元素将被用来定义规则建立Employee和Address实体之间的多对一关系。


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
 <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
  <meta attribute="class-description">
    This class contains the employee detail.
  </meta>
  <id name="id" type="int" column="id">
    <generator class="native"/>
  </id>
  <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
  <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
  <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
  <many-to-one name="address" column="address"
   class="Address" not-null="true"/>
 </class>

<class name="Address" table="ADDRESS">
  <meta attribute="class-description">
    This class contains the address detail.
  </meta>
  <id name="id" type="int" column="id">
    <generator class="native"/>
  </id>
  <property name="street" column="street_name" type="string"/>
  <property name="city" column="city_name" type="string"/>
  <property name="state" column="state_name" type="string"/>
  <property name="zipcode" column="zipcode" type="string"/>
 </class>

</hibernate-mapping>

应该保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。保存映射文件中的文件Employee.hbm.xml。已经熟悉了大部分的映射细节,但让我们再次看看映射文件中的所有元素:

映射文档是具有<hibernate-mapping>为对应于每一个类包含2个<class>元素的根元素的XML文档。

<class>元素被用于定义数据库表从一个Java类特定的映射。 Java类名指定使用class元素的name属性和使用表属性数据库表名指定。

<meta>元素是可选元素,可以用来创建类的描述。

<id>元素映射在类中的唯一ID属性到数据库表的主键。 id元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。

id元素内<generator>元素被用来自动生成的主键值。将生成元素class属性设置为原生让Hibernate拾取无论是identity,sequence或者hilo的算法来创建主键根据底层数据库的支持能力。

<property>元素用于一个Java类的属性映射到数据库表中的列。元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。

<many-to-one>进行元素是用来设置EMPLOYEE和地址的实体之间的关系。name属性被设置为在父类中定义的变量,在我们的情况下,它是地址。列属性用于在父表EMPLOYEE集的列名。

最后,我们将创建应用程序类的main()方法来运行应用程序。我们将使用这个应用程序,以节省一些employee连同的记录他们的地址,然后我们将申请CRUD操作上的记录。


import java.util.*;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class ManageEmployee {
 private static SessionFactory factory;
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  try{
    factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
  }catch (Throwable ex) {
    System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
    throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
  }
  ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();

/* Let us have one address object */
  Address address = ME.addAddress("Kondapur","Hyderabad","AP","532");

/* Add employee records in the database */
  Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, address);

/* Add another employee record in the database */
  Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, address);

/* List down all the employees */
  ME.listEmployees();

/* Update employee's salary records */
  ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);

/* Delete an employee from the database */
  ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);

/* List down all the employees */
  ME.listEmployees();

}

/* Method to add an address record in the database */
 public Address addAddress(String street, String city,
              String state, String zipcode) {
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  Integer addressID = null;
  Address address = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    address = new Address(street, city, state, zipcode);
    addressID = (Integer) session.save(address);
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
  return address;
 }

/* Method to add an employee record in the database */
 public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname,
              int salary, Address address){
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  Integer employeeID = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary, address);
    employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
  return employeeID;
 }

/* Method to list all the employees detail */
 public void listEmployees( ){
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
    for (Iterator iterator =
             employees.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){
     Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next();
     System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
     System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
     System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
     Address add = employee.getAddress();
     System.out.println("Address ");
     System.out.println(" Street: " + add.getStreet());
     System.out.println(" City: " + add.getCity());
     System.out.println(" State: " + add.getState());
     System.out.println(" Zipcode: " + add.getZipcode());
    }
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
 }
 /* Method to update salary for an employee */
 public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    Employee employee =
         (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
    employee.setSalary( salary );
    session.update(employee);
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
 }
 /* Method to delete an employee from the records */
 public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    Employee employee =
         (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
    session.delete(employee);
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
 }
}

编译和执行:
下面是步骤来编译并运行上述应用程序。请确保已在进行的编译和执行之前,适当地设置PATH和CLASSPATH。

  • 创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件中配置章节解释。

  • 创建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件,如上图所示。

  • 创建Employee.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。

  • 创建Address.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。

  • 创建ManageEmployee.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。

  • 执行ManageEmployee二进制文件来运行程序。

在屏幕上获得以下结果,并同时记录会在员工和地址表创建。


$java ManageEmployee

.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........

First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000
Address
   Street: Kondapur
   City: Hyderabad
   State: AP
   Zipcode: 532
First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000
Address
   Street: Kondapur
   City: Hyderabad
   State: AP
   Zipcode: 532
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000
Address
   Street: Kondapur
   City: Hyderabad
   State: AP
   Zipcode: 532

如果检查员工和地址表,就应该记录下了:


mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;

+----+------------+-----------+--------+---------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary | address |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+---------+
| 1 | Manoj   | Kumar   |  5000 | 5    |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select * from ADDRESS;

+----+-------------+-----------+------------+---------+
| id | street_name | city_name | state_name | zipcode |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+---------+
| 1 | Kondapur  | Hyderabad | AP     | 532   |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


一对多(One-to-Many)映射
一对多的映射可以使用一组Java集合不包含任何重复的元素来实现。我们已经看到了如何设置映射集合在Hibernate中,所以如果你已经学会了集合(Set)映射,那么所有设置可用于一对多的映射。

集合被映射到与映射表中<set>元素,并java.util.HashSet中初始化。您可以使用Set集合在类中,有一个集合中不需要重复的元素。
RDBMS表与POJO类我们依然采用上面例子中定义好的,
定义Hibernate映射文件:
让我们指示Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表的映射文件。


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
 <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
  <meta attribute="class-description">
    This class contains the employee detail.
  </meta>
  <id name="id" type="int" column="id">
    <generator class="native"/>
  </id>
  <set name="certificates" cascade="all">
    <key column="employee_id"/>
    <one-to-many class="Certificate"/>
  </set>
  <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
  <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
  <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
 </class>

<class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE">
  <meta attribute="class-description">
    This class contains the certificate records.
  </meta>
  <id name="id" type="int" column="id">
    <generator class="native"/>
  </id>
  <property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/>
 </class>

</hibernate-mapping>

应该保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。我们保存映射文件中的文件Employee.hbm.xml。你已经熟悉了大部分的映射细节,但让我们再次看看映射文件中的所有元素:

映射文档是具有<hibernate-mapping>为对应于每一个类包含2个<class>元素的根元素的XML文档。

<class>元素被用于定义数据库表从一个Java类特定的映射。 Java类名指定使用class元素的name属性和使用表属性数据库表名指定。

<meta>元素是可选元素,可以用来创建类的描述。

<id>元素映射在类中的唯一ID属性到数据库表的主键。 id元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。

id元素内的<generator>元素被用来自动生成的主键值。将生成元素的class属性设置为原生让Hibernate拾取identity,sequence或者hilo中的算法来创建主键根据底层数据库的支持能力。

<property>元素用于一个Java类的属性映射到数据库表中的列。元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。

<set>元素设置证书和Employee类之间的关系。我们使用cascade属性中<set>元素来告诉Hibernate来保存证书的对象,同时为Employee对象。 name属性被设置为在父类中定义的变量集,在我们的例子是证书。对于每一组变量,我们需要定义在映射文件中单独的一组元素。

<key>元素是包含外键的父对象,即在证书表中的列。表EMPLOYEE。

<one-to-many>元素表示一个Employee对象涉及到很多证书的对象。

创建应用程序类:
最后,我们将创建应用程序类的main()方法来运行应用程序。我们将使用这个应用程序,以节省一些员工连同记录证书,然后我们将应用上CRUD操作记录。


import java.util.*;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class ManageEmployee {
 private static SessionFactory factory;
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  try{
    factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
  }catch (Throwable ex) {
    System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
    throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
  }
  ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
  /* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */
  HashSet set1 = new HashSet();
  set1.add(new Certificate("MCA"));
  set1.add(new Certificate("MBA"));
  set1.add(new Certificate("PMP"));

/* Add employee records in the database */
  Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set1);

/* Another set of certificates for the second employee */
  HashSet set2 = new HashSet();
  set2.add(new Certificate("BCA"));
  set2.add(new Certificate("BA"));

/* Add another employee record in the database */
  Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, set2);

/* List down all the employees */
  ME.listEmployees();

/* Update employee's salary records */
  ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);

/* Delete an employee from the database */
  ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);

/* List down all the employees */
  ME.listEmployees();

}

/* Method to add an employee record in the database */
 public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname,
                     int salary, Set cert){
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  Integer employeeID = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
    employee.setCertificates(cert);
    employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
  return employeeID;
 }

/* Method to list all the employees detail */
 public void listEmployees( ){
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
    for (Iterator iterator1 =
             employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){
     Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next();
     System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
     System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
     System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
     Set certificates = employee.getCertificates();
     for (Iterator iterator2 =
            certificates.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();){
        Certificate certName = (Certificate) iterator2.next();
        System.out.println("Certificate: " + certName.getName());
     }
    }
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
 }
 /* Method to update salary for an employee */
 public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    Employee employee =
         (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
    employee.setSalary( salary );
    session.update(employee);
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
 }
 /* Method to delete an employee from the records */
 public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
  Session session = factory.openSession();
  Transaction tx = null;
  try{
    tx = session.beginTransaction();
    Employee employee =
         (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
    session.delete(employee);
    tx.commit();
  }catch (HibernateException e) {
    if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
    e.printStackTrace();
  }finally {
    session.close();
  }
 }
}

编译和执行:


$java ManageEmployee

.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........

First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
Certificate: MCA
First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000
Certificate: BCA
Certificate: BA
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
Certificate: MCA

如果检查员工和证书表,就应该记录下了:


mysql> select * from employee;

+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 1 | Manoj   | Kumar   |  5000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select * from certificate;

+----+------------------+-------------+
| id | certificate_name | employee_id |
+----+------------------+-------------+
| 1 | MBA       |     1 |
| 2 | PMP       |     1 |
| 3 | MCA       |     1 |
+----+------------------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
0
投稿

猜你喜欢

手机版 软件编程 asp之家 www.aspxhome.com