CentOS安装jdk的三种方法

环境

Linux版本：CentOS 6.5、Ubuntu 12.04.5
JDK版本：JDK 1.7

目录

方法一：手动解压JDK的压缩包，然后设置环境变量

方法二：用yum安装JDK

方法三：用rpm安装JDK

方法四：Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安装JDK

内容

方法一：手动解压JDK的压缩包，然后设置环境变量

1.在/usr/目录下创建java目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/usr/java
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/java

2.下载，然后解压

[root@localhost java]# curl -O http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@localhost java]# tar -zxvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz

3.设置环境变量

[root@localhost java]# vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

让修改生效：

[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile

4.验证

[root@localhost java]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

方法二：用yum安装JDK(CentOS)

1.查看yum库中都有哪些jdk版本

[root@localhost ~]# yum search java|grep jdk
ldapjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : Javadoc for ldapjdk
java-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.6.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.7.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
ldapjdk.x86_64 : The Mozilla LDAP Java SDK

2.选择版本，进行安装，我们这里安装1.7版本

[root@localhost ~]# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk

安装完之后，默认的安装目录是在: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64

3.设置环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

让修改生效：

[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile

3.验证 同上。

注：因为采用yum安装jdk，系统考虑到多版本的问题，会用alternatives进行版本控制。开始，相应版本的jdk安装在/usr/lib/jvm/之后，会在alternatives中注册，在/etc/alternatives目录下会产生一些链接到/usr/lib/jvm/中刚安装好的jdk版本。

在/usr/bin下面会有链接到/etc/alternatives的相应的文件。比如，/usr/bin下面会有一个链接文件java的映射关系如下：

/usr/bin/java->/etc/alternatives/java
/etc/alternatives/java-> /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java

这样，java命令不用设置环境变量，就可以正常运行了。但如果对于tomcat或其他软件来说还是要设置环境变量。

同样，如果安装新的版本jdk，就会重新链接到最新安装的jdk版本。当然，也可以使用alternatives修改所要使用的版本。

具体方法可参照：《使用Linux的alternatives管理多版本的软件》

方法三：用rpm安装JDK

1.下载

[hadoop@localhost ~]$ curl -O http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm

2.使用rpm命令安装

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm
Preparing...    ########################################### [100％]
1:jdk     ###########################################[100％]
Unpacking JAR files...
 rt.jar...
 jsse.jar...
 charsets.jar...
 tools.jar...
 localedata.jar...
 jfxrt.jar...

3.设置环境变量

[root@localhost java]# vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

让修改生效：

[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile

4.验证

[root@localhost java]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

和yum安装类似，不用设置环境变量就可以，运行java命令。rpm安装方式默认会把jdk安装到/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79，然后通过三层链接，链接到/usr/bin,具体链接如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /bin
[root@localhost bin]# ll|grep java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  25 Mar 28 11:24 jar ->/usr/java/default/bin/jar
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  26 Mar 28 11:24 java -> /usr/java/default/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  27 Mar 28 11:24 javac ->/usr/java/default/bin/javac
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  29 Mar 28 11:24 javadoc ->/usr/java/default/bin/javadoc
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  28 Mar 28 11:24 javaws ->/usr/java/default/bin/javaws
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  30 Mar 28 11:24 jcontrol ->/usr/java/default/bin/jcontrol
[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/java/
[root@localhost java]# ll
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 28 11:24 default-> /usr/java/latest
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 4096 Mar 28 11:24 jdk1.7.0_79
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Mar 28 11:24 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79

方法四：Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安装JDK

1.查看apt库都有哪些jdk版本

root@Itble:~# apt-cache search java|grep jdk
default-jdk - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit
default-jdk-doc - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)
gcj-4.6-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
openjdk-6-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-6-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-6-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-6-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-6-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
openjdk-6-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
openjdk-7-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-7-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-7-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-7-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-7-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
uwsgi-plugin-jvm-openjdk-6 - Java plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
uwsgi-plugin-jwsgi-openjdk-6 - JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
openjdk-6-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-6-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-7-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-7-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-7-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)

2.选择版本进行安装

root@Itble:~# apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

3.设置环境变量

root@Itble:~# vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

让修改生效：

root@Itble:~# source /etc/profile

4.验证

root@Itble:~# java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.5.5) (7u79-2.5.5-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

Ubuntu的apt-get安装方式和CentOS的yum安装方式很类似，这里就不再啰嗦。