详解Android获取设备唯一ID的几种方式

先来看看几种比较单一的方式：

IMEI

方式：TelephonyManager.getDeviceId():

问题

1. 范围：只能支持拥有通话功能的设备，对于平板不可以。

2. 持久性：返厂，数据擦除的时候不彻底，保留了原来的标识。

3. 权限：需要权限：Android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE

4. bug: 有些厂家的实现有bug，返回一些不可用的数据

 Mac地址

ACCESS_WIFI_STATE权限

有些设备没有WiFi，或者蓝牙，就不可以，如果WiFi没有打开，硬件也不会返回Mac地址，不建议使用

ANDROID_ID
2.2（Froyo，8）版本系统会不可信，来自主要生产厂商的主流手机，至少有一个普遍发现的bug，这些有问题的手机相同的ANDROID_ID: 9774d56d682e549c

但是如果返厂的手机，或者被root的手机，可能会变

Serial Number

从Android 2.3 (“Gingerbread”)开始可用，可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取，对于没有通话功能的设备，它会返回一个唯一的device ID，

以下几个是stackoverflow上评论较多的几个，没贴完，还有其他，综合的，用到以上的部分方式：

地址：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2785485/is-there-a-unique-android-device-id

有兴趣的朋友可以再仔细看看

支持率比较高的（支持票数157）：androidID --> 剔除2.2版本（API 8）中有问题的手机，使用UUID替代

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.UUID;

public class DeviceUuidFactory {

protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";
 protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";
 protected static volatile UUID uuid;

public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {
   if (uuid == null) {
     synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {
       if (uuid == null) {
         final SharedPreferences prefs = context
             .getSharedPreferences(PREFS_FILE, 0);
         final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null);
         if (id != null) {
           // Use the ids previously computed and stored in the
           // prefs file
           uuid = UUID.fromString(id);
         } else {
           final String androidId = Secure.getString(
             context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
           // Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case
           // fallback on deviceId,
           // unless it's not available, then fallback on a random
           // number which we store to a prefs file
           try {
             if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {
               uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId
                   .getBytes("utf8"));
             } else {
               final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager)  
                   context.getSystemService(
                     Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)
                     .getDeviceId();
               uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID
                   .nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId
                       .getBytes("utf8")) : UUID
                   .randomUUID();
             }
           } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
           }
           // Write the value out to the prefs file
           prefs.edit()
               .putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString())
               .commit();
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }

/**
  * Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs,
  * this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android
  * devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.
  *
  * The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate,
  * falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to
  * be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted
  * to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value.
  *
  * In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the
  * device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if
  * a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android
  * 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change.
  * Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper
  * Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.
  *
  * Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(),
  * the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be
  * aware of.
  *
  * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID
  * directly.
  *
  * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603
  *
  * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most
  *     purposes.
  */
 public UUID getDeviceUuid() {
   return uuid;
 }
}

根据版本进行判断的方式：Serial序列号-->UUID （支持数31）

通过Serial 即可，在覆盖率上，你已经成功的获得了98.4％的用户，剩下的1.6％的用户系统是在9 以下的。

通过AndroidID获取，前面已经说过，在8上，有些商家的手机会有一些bug，返回相同的AndroidID，如果Serial和AndroidID都不行

/**
* Return pseudo unique ID
* @return ID
*/
public static String getUniquePsuedoID()
{
 // If all else fails, if the user does have lower than API 9 (lower
 // than Gingerbread), has reset their phone or 'Secure.ANDROID_ID'
 // returns 'null', then simply the ID returned will be solely based
 // off their Android device information. This is where the collisions
 // can happen.
 // Thanks http://www.pocketmagic.net/?p=1662!
 // Try not to use DISPLAY, HOST or ID - these items could change.
 // If there are collisions, there will be overlapping data
 String m_szDevIDShort = "35" + (Build.BOARD.length() ％ 10) + (Build.BRAND.length() ％ 10) + (Build.CPU_ABI.length() ％ 10) + (Build.DEVICE.length() ％ 10) + (Build.MANUFACTURER.length() ％ 10) + (Build.MODEL.length() ％ 10) + (Build.PRODUCT.length() ％ 10);

// Thanks to @Roman SL!
 // http://stackoverflow.com/a/4789483/950427
 // Only devices with API >= 9 have android.os.Build.SERIAL
 // http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Build.html#SERIAL
 // If a user upgrades software or roots their phone, there will be a duplicate entry
 String serial = null;
 try
 {
   serial = android.os.Build.class.getField("SERIAL").get(null).toString();

// Go ahead and return the serial for api => 9
   return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString();
 }
 catch (Exception e)
 {
   // String needs to be initialized
   serial = "serial"; // some value
 }

// Thanks @Joe!
 // http://stackoverflow.com/a/2853253/950427
 // Finally, combine the values we have found by using the UUID class to create a unique identifier
 return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString();
}

不用READ_PHONE_STATE权限直接获取ROM信息的方式：（支持率较低 16）

String m_szDevIDShort = "35" + //we make this look like a valid IMEI
     Build.BOARD.length()％10+ Build.BRAND.length()％10 +
     Build.CPU_ABI.length()％10 + Build.DEVICE.length()％10 +
     Build.DISPLAY.length()％10 + Build.HOST.length()％10 +
     Build.ID.length()％10 + Build.MANUFACTURER.length()％10 +
     Build.MODEL.length()％10 + Build.PRODUCT.length()％10 +
     Build.TAGS.length()％10 + Build.TYPE.length()％10 +
     Build.USER.length()％10 ; //13 digits

最后贴上自己在项目中用的：

public static String getDeviceId(Context context) {
   String deviceId = "";
   if (deviceId != null && !"".equals(deviceId)) {
    return deviceId;
  }
   if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) {
     try {
       deviceId = getLocalMac(context).replace(":", "");
     } catch (Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
   }
   if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) {
     try {
       deviceId = getAndroidId(context);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
   }
   if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) {

if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) {
       UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
       deviceId = uuid.toString().replace("-", "");
       writeDeviceID(deviceId);
     }
   }
   return deviceId;
 }

// IMEI码
 private static String getIMIEStatus(Context context) {
   TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) context
       .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
   String deviceId = tm.getDeviceId();
   return deviceId;
 }

// Mac地址
 private static String getLocalMac(Context context) {
   WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) context
       .getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
   WifiInfo info = wifi.getConnectionInfo();
   return info.getMacAddress();
 }

// Android Id
 private static String getAndroidId(Context context) {
   String androidId = Settings.Secure.getString(
       context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
   return androidId;
 }

public static void saveDeviceID(String str) {
   try {
     FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
     Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "UTF-8");
     out.write(str);
     out.close();
   } catch (IOException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
   }
 }

public static String readDeviceID() {
   StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
   try {
     FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
     InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8");
     Reader in = new BufferedReader(isr);
     int i;
     while ((i = in.read()) > -1) {
       buffer.append((char) i);
     }
     in.close();
     return buffer.toString();
   } catch (IOException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
     return null;
   }
 }

对于获取设备唯一ID并没有绝对的方案，这一点在android的官方博客中也提到了，不过以上几种方案，应该可以满足平时的需求，大家可以选择其中自己认为比较好的，用于自己的项目中。

来源：http://blog.csdn.net/u014651216/article/details/50767326