SpringBoot定时任务多线程实现示例

测试Spring Boot定时任务冲突时，使用的线程数量

引入依赖：

Spring Boot 2.6.1

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>

简单的测试类

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
* @author Song Jiangtao
* @date 2021/12/22
* @description:
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class Task {

@Scheduled(cron="*/2 * * * * ?")
   public void process(){
       log.info("do something");
   }

@Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)
   public void currentTime(){
       log.info("做点什么");
   }
}

启动类开启定时任务：@EnableScheduling

测试结果如下：

由结果可见，main线程启动以后和scheduling-1线程跑了两个任务

由此可见，Spring Boot 定时器 默认是 单线程

我们新增两个定时任务来看看这样会有什么后果

@Scheduled(cron="*/2 * * * * ?")
public void process2() throws InterruptedException {
    Thread.sleep(5000L);
    log.info("do something use long time");
}
@Scheduled(cron="*/2 * * * * ?")
public void process3() throws InterruptedException {
    Thread.sleep(10000L);
    log.info("do something use long long time");
}

2021-12-22 16:30:28.735  INFO 14520 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBootScheduledApplication     : Starting SpringBootScheduledApplication using Java 1.8.0_202 on TCZ-D with PID 14520 (D:\code\SpringBootScheduled\target\classes started by Administrator in D:\code\SpringBootScheduled)
2021-12-22 16:30:28.738  INFO 14520 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBootScheduledApplication     : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-12-22 16:30:29.315  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:29.318  INFO 14520 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBootScheduledApplication     : Started SpringBootScheduledApplication in 0.937 seconds (JVM running for 3.068)
2021-12-22 16:30:30.002  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something
2021-12-22 16:30:40.003  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something use long long time
2021-12-22 16:30:45.005  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something use long time
2021-12-22 16:30:45.005  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:45.005  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something
2021-12-22 16:30:45.006  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:45.006  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:45.006  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:45.006  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:45.006  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:55.006  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something use long long time
2021-12-22 16:30:55.006  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:55.006  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:30:55.007  INFO 14520 --- [   scheduling-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something

很明显任务会发生错乱，严重时会导致线程阻塞，最后崩溃

解决方法：引入线程池

新增配置类，配置线程池

package com.example.springbootscheduled.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

/**
* @author Song Jiangtao
* @date 2021/12/22
* @description:
*/
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class TaskConfig {

/**
    * 默认线程数
    */
   private static final int corePoolSize = 10;
   /**
    * 最大线程数
    */
   private static final int maxPoolSize = 100;
   /**
    * 允许线程空闲时间（单位：默认为秒）,十秒后就把线程关闭
    */
   private static final int keepAliveTime = 10;
   /**
    * 缓冲队列数
    */
   private static final int queueCapacity = 200;
   /**
    * 线程池名前缀
    */
   private static final String threadNamePrefix = "task-thread-";

/**
    * bean的名称，默认为 首字小写 方法名
    */
   @Bean("taskExecutor")
   public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor getThread() {
       ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
       executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
       executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);
       executor.setQueueCapacity(keepAliveTime);
       executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(queueCapacity);
       executor.setThreadNamePrefix(threadNamePrefix);
       //线程池拒绝策略
       executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
       executor.initialize();
       return executor;
   }
}

每个定时任务添加注解 @Async("taskExecutor")

@Async("taskExecutor")
@Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)
public void currentTime(){
   log.info("做点什么");
}

启动测试

2021-12-22 16:41:36.141  INFO 19424 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBootScheduledApplication     : Starting SpringBootScheduledApplication using Java 1.8.0_202 on TCZ-D with PID 19424 (D:\code\SpringBootScheduled\target\classes started by Administrator in D:\code\SpringBootScheduled)
2021-12-22 16:41:36.143  INFO 19424 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBootScheduledApplication     : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-12-22 16:41:36.991  INFO 19424 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBootScheduledApplication     : Started SpringBootScheduledApplication in 1.325 seconds (JVM running for 3.392)
2021-12-22 16:41:37.008  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:41:38.001  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-2] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something
2021-12-22 16:41:38.991  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-5] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:41:40.003  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-8] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something
2021-12-22 16:41:40.991  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-9] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:41:42.001  INFO 19424 --- [ task-thread-10] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something
2021-12-22 16:41:42.989  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-5] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:41:43.002  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-3] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something use long time
2021-12-22 16:41:44.002  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-9] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something
2021-12-22 16:41:44.990  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-5] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:41:45.002  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-6] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something use long time
2021-12-22 16:41:46.001  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-9] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something
2021-12-22 16:41:46.990  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-6] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : 做点什么
2021-12-22 16:41:47.002  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-1] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something use long time
2021-12-22 16:41:48.002  INFO 19424 --- [  task-thread-4] c.e.springbootscheduled.scheduled.Task   : do something use long long time

来源：https://blog.csdn.net/Song_JiangTao/article/details/122088954