Python RabbitMQ消息队列实现rpc

上个项目中用到了ActiveMQ，只是简单应用，安装完成后直接是用就可以了。由于新项目中一些硬件的限制，需要把消息队列换成RabbitMQ。

RabbitMQ中的几种模式和机制比ActiveMQ多多了，根据业务需要，使用RPC实现功能，其中踩过的一些坑，有必要记录一下了。

上代码，目录结构分为 c_server、c_client、c_hanlder:

c_server:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
import time
import json
import io
import yaml

s_exchange = input("请输入交换机名称->>").decode('utf-8').strip()
s_queue = input("输入消息队列名称->>").decode('utf-8').strip()
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('system', 'manager')
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX',credentials=credentials))
# 定义
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=s_exchange, exchange_type='direct')
channel.queue_declare(queue=s_queue, exclusive=True)
channel.queue_bind(queue=s_queue, exchange=s_exchange)

def s_manage(content):
# 解决unicode转码问题 json.JSONDecoder().decode(content)
str_content = yaml.safe_load(json.loads(content,encoding='utf-8'))
str_res = {
 "errorid": 0,
 "resp": str_content['cmd'],
 "errorcont": "成功"
}
return json.dumps(str_res)

def on_request(ch, method, props, body):
response = s_manage(body)
ch.basic_publish(exchange='',
     routing_key=props.reply_to,
     properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id = \
              props.correlation_id),
     body=response)
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(on_request, queue=s_queue)

print(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests")
channel.start_consuming()

c_client:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import pika
import uuid
import json
import io

class RpcClient(object):
 def __init__(self):
   self.credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('guest', 'guest')
   self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX',
                               credentials=self.credentials))
   self.channel = self.connection.channel()

def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):
   if self.callback_id == props.correlation_id:
     self.response = body
   ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

def get_response(self, callback_queue, callback_id):
   '''取队列里的值，获取callback_queued的执行结果'''
   self.callback_id = callback_id
   self.response = None
   self.channel.queue_declare('q_manager', durable=True)
   self.channel.basic_consume(self.on_response, # 只要收到消息就执行on_response
                 queue=callback_queue)
   while self.response is None:
     self.connection.process_data_events() # 非阻塞版的start_consuming
   return self.response

def call(self, queue_name, command, exchange,rout_key): # 命令下发
   '''队列里发送数据'''
   # result = self.channel.queue_declare(exclusive=False) #exclusive=False 必须这样写
   self.callback_queue = 'q_manager' # result.method.queue
   self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
   self.channel.basic_publish(exchange=exchange,
                 routing_key=queue_name,
                 properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                   reply_to=self.callback_queue, # 发送返回信息的队列name
                   correlation_id=self.corr_id, # 发送uuid 相当于验证码
                 ),
                 body=command)
   return self.callback_queue,self.corr_id

client

c_handler:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from c_client import *
import random, time
import threading
import json
import sys

class Handler(object):
 def __init__(self):
   self.information = {}  # 后台进程信息

def check_all(self, *args):
   '''查看所有信息'''
   time.sleep(2)
   print('获取消息')
   for key in self.information:
     print("cid【％s】\t 队列【％s】\t 命令【％s】"％(key, self.information[key][0],
                              self.information[key][1]))

def check_task(self, cmd):
   '''查看task_id执行结果'''
   time.sleep(2)
   try:
     task_id = int(cmd)
     print(task_id)
     callback_queue= self.information[task_id][2]
     callback_id= self.information[task_id][3]
     client = RpcClient()
     response = client.get_response(callback_queue, callback_id)
     print(response)
     # print(response.decode())
     del self.information[task_id]

except KeyError as e :
     print("error: [％s]" ％ e)
   except IndexError as e:
     print("error: [％s]" ％ e)

def run(self, user_cmd, host, exchange='', rout_key='',que=''):
   try:
     time.sleep(2)
     command = user_cmd
     task_id = random.randint(10000, 99999)
     client = RpcClient()
     response = client.call(queue_name=host, command=command,exchange=exchange,rout_key=que)
     self.information[task_id] = [host, command, response[0], response[1]]
   except IndexError as e:
     print("[error]：％s"％e)

def reflect(self, str,cmd,host,exchange,que):
   '''反射'''
   if hasattr(self, str):
     getattr(self, str)(cmd,host,exchange,que)

def start(self, m,cmd, host, exchange,que):
   while True:
     user_resp = input("输入处理消息内容ID->>").decode('utf-8').strip()
     self.check_task(user_resp)
     str = m
     print(self.information)
     t1 = threading.Thread(target=self.reflect, args=(str,cmd,host,exchange,que)) #多线程
     t1.start()

s_exchange = input("请输入交换机名称->>").decode('utf-8').strip()
s_queue = input("输入消息队列名称->>").decode('utf-8').strip()
d_cmd_state =input("输入json命令->>").decode('utf-8').strip()
s_cmd = json.dumps(d_cmd_state)
handler = Handler()
handler.start('run',s_cmd, s_queue, s_exchange, s_queue)

handler

注意要点：1、c_client 发布消息到rabbitmq 需要携带 服务器返回的队列名称，及corr_id

2、c_handler 做了处理，每次发送的内容都会放到task列表中，直到显示ID号，就可以查询返回的内容，调用如下：

来源：http://www.cnblogs.com/dugufei/p/9105581.html