python 实现socket服务端并发的四种方式

多进程&多线程

服务端：多进程和多线程的开启方式相同。

缺点：<1> 由于Cpython的GIL，导致同一时间无法运行多个线程；<2> 不可能无限开进进程或线程

解决办法：多进程、concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor、线程池

import socket
from multiprocessing import Process
from threading import Thread

class MyTcpServer:
 def __init__(self, ip, port):
   self.ip = ip
   self.port = port
   self.server = socket.socket()
   self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
   self.server.listen(5)

def wait_accept(self):
   conn, addr = self.server.accept()
   return conn, addr

def handle_request(self, conn):
   while 1:
     try:
       data = conn.recv(1024)
       if not data: break
       conn.send(data.upper())
     except Exception as e:
       print(e)
       break
   conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888)
 while 1:
   conn, addr = server.wait_accept()
   p = Process(target=server.handle_request, args=(conn, ))# 创建一个进程
   p.start()# 告诉操作提供，开启这个进程

进程池&线程池

异步提交任务，支持异步接收返回结果(submit返回一个futures对象，调用add_done_callback方法)

import socket
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
# from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

class MyTcpServer:
 def __init__(self, ip, port):
   self.ip = ip
   self.port = port
   self.server = socket.socket()
   self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
   self.server.listen(5)

def wait_accept(self):
   conn, addr = self.server.accept()
   return conn, addr

def handle_request(self, conn):
   while 1:
     try:
       data = conn.recv(1024)
       if not data: break
       conn.send(data.upper())
     except Exception as e:
       print(e)
       break
   conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888)
 pool = ProcessPoolExecutor(5)    # 5个进程一直服务

while 1:
   conn, addr = server.wait_accept()
   pool.submit(server.handle_request, conn)# 异步提交任务

socketserver

优点：简化socket服务端创建流程。
提供服务端串行和并发两种服务模式（TCPServer，ThreadingTCPServer）
缺点：windows上无法使用多进程实现并发

import socketserver

class MyTcpHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
 def handle(self):# 通信循环
   while 1:
     try:
       data = self.request.recv(1024)
       if not data: break
       self.request.send(data.upper())
     except Exception as e:
       print(e)
       break
   self.request.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 ip_port = '127.0.0.1', 8888
 server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(ip_port, MyTcpHandler) # 异步处理
 server.serve_forever()# 连接循环

协程

优点：单线程内实现并发，代码级别模拟IO切换，提高程序运行效率

from gevent import spawn, monkey;monkey.patch_all()# 猴子补丁，补丁:常规IO
import socket

class MyTcpServer:
 def __init__(self, ip, port, my_spawn):
   self.ip = ip
   self.port = port
   self.server = socket.socket()
   self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
   self.server.listen(5)
   self.spawn = my_spawn# 保存spawn本地

def wait_accept(self):
   while 1:
     conn, addr = self.server.accept()
     self.spawn(self.handle_request, conn)# 检测 handle_request的io

def handle_request(self, conn):
   while 1:
     try:
       data = conn.recv(1024)
       if not data: break
       conn.send(data.upper())
     except Exception as e:
       print(e)
       break
   conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888, spawn)
 g1 = server.spawn(server.wait_accept)# 检测wait_accept的io
 g1.join()# 等待g1运行结束，即一直在循环检测io

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/the3times/p/12821579.html