python使用turtle库绘制时钟

Python函数库众多，而且在不断更新，所以学习这些函数库最有效的方法，就是阅读Python官方文档。同时借助Google和百度。

本文介绍的turtle库对应的官方文档地址

绘制动态钟表的基本思路如下（面向对象的编程）：

使用5个turtle对象
1个turtle：绘制外表盘
3个turtle：模拟表针行为
1个turtle：输出表盘上文字

根据实时时间使用ontimer()函数更新表盘画面，显示效果如下：

相关函数的使用在程序中进行了详细的注释，代码如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Fri Jan 12 10:43:55 2018

@author: Administrator
"""

from turtle import *
from datetime import *

def skip(step):
penup()
forward(step)
pendown()

def mkhand(name,length):
#注册turtle形状，建立表针turtle
reset()
skip(-length*0.1)
begin_poly()
forward(length*1.1)
end_poly()
handform=get_poly()
register_shape(name,handform)

def init():
global sechand,minhand,hurhand,printer
mode("logo")
#重置turtle指向北
#建立三个表针turtle并初始化
mkhand("sechand",125)
mkhand("minhand",130)
mkhand("hurhand",90)
sechand=Turtle()
sechand.shape("sechand")
minhand=Turtle()
minhand.shape("minhand")
hurhand=Turtle()
hurhand.shape("hurhand")
for hand in sechand,minhand,hurhand:
 hand.shapesize(1,1,3)
 hand.speed(0)
#建立输出文字turtle
printer = Turtle()
printer.hideturtle()
printer.penup()

def setupclock(radius):
#建立表的外框
reset()
pensize(7)
for i in range(60):
 skip(radius)
 if i ％5==0:
  forward(20)
  skip(-radius-20)
 else:
  dot(5)
  skip(-radius)
 right(6)

def week(t):
week=["星期一","星期二","星期三","星期四","星期五","星期六","星期日"]
return week[t.weekday()]

def date(t):
y=t.year
m=t.month
d=t.day
return "％s ％d ％d" ％(y,m,d)

def tick():
#绘制表针的动态显示
t=datetime.today()
second=t.second+t.microsecond*0.000001
minute=t.minute+second/60.0
hour=t.hour+second/60.0
sechand.setheading(6*second)
minhand.setheading(6*minute)
hurhand.setheading(30*hour)
tracer(False)
printer.forward(65)
printer.write(week(t),align="center",font=("Courier",14,"bold"))
printer.back(130)
printer.write(date(t),align="center",font=("Courier",14,"bold"))
printer.home()
tracer(True)
ontimer(tick,100)#100ms后继续调用tick

def main():
tracer(False)
init()
setupclock(160)
tracer(True)
tick()
mainloop()
main()

运行结果

来源：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40006058/article/details/79042230