python 教程实现 turtle海龟绘图

一、安装

• 写出许多有趣的可视化东西

• 也可以画出很多奇妙的图案

pip install turtule

二、画布

• 画布就是turtle为我们展开用于绘图区域

• 我们可以设置它的大小和初始位置

import turtle
# 返回默认大小(400, 300)
turtle.screensize()
# 设置画布方法一,设置宽、高、背景色
turtle.screensize(800, 600, "green")
# 设置画布方法二, 宽高为小数时候为占据电脑屏幕比例, 宽高为整数时候为像素
turtle.setup(width=0.6, height=0.6)
# startx,starty表示矩形窗口左上角顶点的位置, 如果为空, 则窗口位于屏幕中心
turtle.setup(width=800, height=800, startx=100, starty=100)

三、画笔

• 可以设置画笔的属性，颜色、画线的宽度等

import turtle
# 设置画笔的宽度
turtle.pensize()
# 没有参数传入，返回当前画笔颜色，传入参数设置画笔颜色
turtle.pencolor()
# 设置画笔移动速度，画笔绘制的速度范围[0,10]整数，数字越大越快
turtle.speed(speed)

四、绘图命令

import turtle
# 向当前画笔方向移动distance像素长
turtle.forward(distance)
# 向当前画笔相反方向移动distance像素长度
turtle.backward(distance)
# 顺时针移动degree°
turtle.right(degree)
# 逆时针移动degree°
turtle.left(degree)
# 移动时绘制图形,缺省时也为绘制
turtle.pendown()
# 将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置
turtle.goto(x,y)
# 移动时不绘制图形,提起笔，用于另起一个地方绘制时用
turtle.penup()
# 画笔绘制的速度范围[0,10]整数
turtle.speed(speed)
# 画圆,半径为正(负),表示圆心在画笔的左边(右边)画圆
turtle.circle()

五、画笔控制命令

import turtle
# 绘制图形时的宽度
turtle.pensize(width)
# 画笔颜色
turtle.pencolor()
# 绘制图形的填充颜色
turtle.fillcolor(colorstring)
# 同时设置pencolor=color1, fillcolor=color2
turtle.color(color1, color2)
# 返回当前是否在填充状态
turtle.filling()
# 准备开始填充图形
turtle.begin_fill()
# 填充完成
turtle.end_fill()
# 隐藏箭头显示
turtle.hideturtle()
# 与hideturtle()函数对应
turtle.showturtle()

六、全局控制命令

import turtle
# 清空turtle窗口，但是turtle的位置和状态不会改变
turtle.clear()
# 清空窗口，重置turtle状态为起始状态
turtle.reset()
# 撤销上一个turtle动作
turtle.undo()
# 返回当前turtle是否可见
turtle.isvisible()
# 复制当前图形
stamp()
# 写文本，s为文本内容，font是字体的参数，里面分别为字体名称，大小和类型
turtle.write(s[,font=("font-name",font_size,"font_type")])

七、绘制方形螺旋

from turtle import *
for i in range(500):
forward(i)
left(91)

八、绘制彩色螺旋

from turtle import *
colors = ['red', 'purple', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow', 'orange']
for x in range(360):
pencolor(colors[x ％ 6])
width(x / 100 + 1)
forward(x)
left(59)

九、绘制太阳花

import turtle as t
import time
t.color("red", "yellow")
t.speed(10)
t.begin_fill()
for _ in range(50):
t.forward(200)
t.left(170)
end_fill()
time.sleep(1)

十、绘制小蟒蛇

import turtle
def drawSnake(rad, angle, len, neckrad):
for _ in range(len):
turtle.circle(rad, angle)
turtle.circle(-rad, angle)
turtle.circle(rad, angle/2)
turtle.forward(rad/2) # 直线前进
turtle.circle(neckrad, 180)
turtle.forward(rad/4)
if __name__ == "__main__":
turtle.setup(1500, 1400, 0, 0)
turtle.pensize(30) # 画笔尺寸
turtle.pencolor("green")
turtle.seth(-40) # 前进的方向
drawSnake(70, 80, 2, 15)

十一、绘制五角星

import turtle
import time
turtle.pensize(5)
turtle.pencolor("yellow")
turtle.fillcolor("red")
turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(5):
turtle.forward(200)
turtle.right(144)
turtle.end_fill()
time.sleep(2)

turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-150,-120)
turtle.color("violet")
turtle.write("Done", font=('Arial', 40, 'normal'))
time.sleep(1)

十二、绘制小猪佩奇

from turtle import*
# 绘制鼻子
def nose(x,y):
pu()
goto(x,y)
pd()
seth(-30)
begin_fill()
a=0.4
for i in range(120):
if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90:
a=a+0.08
lt(3) #向左转3度
fd(a) #向前走a的步长
else:
a=a-0.08
lt(3)
fd(a)
end_fill()
pu()
seth(90)
fd(25)
seth(0)
fd(10)
pd()
pencolor(255,155,192)
seth(10)
begin_fill()
circle(5)
color(160,82,45)
end_fill()
pu()
seth(0)
fd(20)
pd()
pencolor(255,155,192)
seth(10)
begin_fill()
circle(5)
color(160,82,45)
end_fill()
# 绘制头部
def head(x,y):
color((255,155,192),"pink")
pu()
goto(x,y)
seth(0)
pd()
begin_fill()
seth(180)
circle(300,-30)
circle(100,-60)
circle(80,-100)
circle(150,-20)
circle(60,-95)
seth(161)
circle(-300,15)
pu()
goto(-100,100)
pd()
seth(-30)
a=0.4
for i in range(60):
if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90:
a=a+0.08
lt(3) #向左转3度
fd(a) #向前走a的步长
else:
a=a-0.08
lt(3)
fd(a)
end_fill()
# 绘制耳朵
def ears(x,y):
color((255,155,192),"pink")
pu()
goto(x,y)
pd()
begin_fill()
seth(100)
circle(-50,50)
circle(-10,120)
circle(-50,54)
end_fill()
pu()
seth(90)
fd(-12)
seth(0)
fd(30)
pd()
begin_fill()
seth(100)
circle(-50,50)
circle(-10,120)
circle(-50,56)
end_fill()
# 绘制眼睛
def eyes(x,y):
color((255,155,192),"white")
pu()
seth(90)
fd(-20)
seth(0)
fd(-95)
pd()
begin_fill()
circle(15)
end_fill()
color("black")
pu()
seth(90)
fd(12)
seth(0)
fd(-3)
pd()
begin_fill()
circle(3)
end_fill()
color((255,155,192),"white")
pu()
seth(90)
fd(-25)
seth(0)
fd(40)
pd()
begin_fill()
circle(15)
end_fill()
color("black")
pu()
seth(90)
fd(12)
seth(0)
fd(-3)
pd()
begin_fill()
circle(3)
end_fill()
# 绘制腮
def cheek(x,y):
color((255,155,192))
pu()
goto(x,y)
pd()
seth(0)
begin_fill()
circle(30)
end_fill()
# 绘制嘴巴
def mouth(x,y):
color(239,69,19)
pu()
goto(x,y)
pd()
seth(-80)
circle(30,40)
circle(40,80)

# 绘制身体
def body(x,y):
color("red",(255,99,71))
pu()
goto(x,y)
pd()
begin_fill()
seth(-130)
circle(100,10)
circle(300,30)
seth(0)
fd(230)
seth(90)
circle(300,30)
circle(100,3)
color((255,155,192),(255,100,100))
seth(-135)
circle(-80,63)
circle(-150,24)
end_fill()
# 绘制手
def hands(x,y):
color((255,155,192))
pu()
goto(x,y)
pd()
seth(-160)
circle(300,15)
pu()
seth(90)
fd(15)
seth(0)
fd(0)
pd()
seth(-10)
circle(-20,90)
pu()
seth(90)
fd(30)
seth(0)
fd(237)
pd()
seth(-20)
circle(-300,15)
pu()
seth(90)
fd(20)
seth(0)
fd(0)
pd()
seth(-170)
circle(20,90)
# 绘制脚
def foot(x,y):
pensize(10)
color((240,128,128))
pu()
goto(x,y)
pd()
seth(-90)
fd(40)
seth(-180)
color("black")
pensize(15)
fd(20)
pensize(10)
color((240,128,128))
pu()
seth(90)
fd(40)
seth(0)
fd(90)
pd()
seth(-90)
fd(40)
seth(-180)
color("black")
pensize(15)
fd(20)

# 绘制尾巴
def tail(x,y):
pensize(4)
color((255,155,192))
pu()
goto(x,y)
pd()
seth(0)
circle(70,20)
circle(10,330)
circle(70,30)
# 参数设置
def setting():
pensize(4)
hideturtle()
colormode(255)
color((255,155,192),"pink")
setup(840,500)
speed(10)
if __name__ == "__main__":
setting() #画布、画笔设置
nose(-100,100) #鼻子
head(-69,167) #头
ears(0,160) #耳朵
eyes(0,140) #眼睛
cheek(80,10) #腮
mouth(-20,30) #嘴
body(-32,-8) #身体
hands(-56,-45) #手
foot(2,-177) #脚
tail(148,-155) #尾巴
done() #结束

来源：https://blog.51cto.com/autofelix/5269246